{"id":1739,"date":"2022-11-23T10:23:11","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T09:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enpc.ergeais.com\/?p=1739"},"modified":"2025-07-29T14:50:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T12:50:12","slug":"transport-and-mobility-pathways-to-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/transport-and-mobility-pathways-to-energy-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"Transport and mobility: pathways to energy transition?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1920x1080.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00a9Guitafotostudio (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>The ecological challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last few decades have shown. GHG emissions first increased steadily between 1990 and 2007, before stabilizing. Technical developments, such as improving the performance of internal combustion engines, could have reduced its impact on the environment. However, the increase in vehicle mass for reasons of safety and comfort has instead amplified the consumption of individual vehicles.&nbsp; It is only with the continued improvement in efficiency, but also with lighter vehicles and work to reduce friction, that GHG emissions have stabilized. Conversely, the number of kilometers traveled increased rapidly, then stabilized and has started to rise again in recent years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reduction of environmental impacts can only be achieved by mobilizing three major areas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>automotive engineering;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>eco-driving;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\">Evolution of GHG emissions from 1990 to 2018 and reduction trajectories envisaged by the proposed National Low Carbon Strategy (NLCS-2)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1541\" style=\"width:597px;height:402px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1920x1292.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Source: <em>Programmation pluriannuelle de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie<\/em> (Multi-Year Energy Programming), 2020, p. 320. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>A transformation in automotive engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The first area, which is more technical, concerns the evolution of the way vehicles work, whether to reduce their consumption or to switch to other fuels. This first point involves reducing driving resistance, making the vehicle lighter, improving the performance of the powertrain or even hybridization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternative energy sources as biofuels, biogas and hydrogen from steam reforming are all relevant alternative fuels in terms of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions. As for electric vehicles, their interest depends largely on the decarbonation of upstream electricity production<sup data-fn=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" id=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Vehicles can then facilitate the deployment of renewable energies by providing significant storage capacity when they produce more electricity than is demanded from the grid. But this implies that the grid must become intelligent in order to optimize the energy system from a technical and economic point of view. Part of the fleet must be made electric in order to achieve carbon neutrality, but the timing of this must be coordinated with the decarbonisation of the electricity mix. As a general rule, it is important that these raw material-intensive technologies, the extraction of which causes a great deal of environmental damage, follow a logic of minimal use of resources. From this point of view, it is essential to adapt to uses, for example meeting exceptional needs for long-distance travel (when going on holiday, for example) other than by increasing the battery stacks of electric vehicles. When more than 90% of daily trips do not require more than 25 kWh, it is environmentally and economically absurd to load several hundred kilograms of batteries for the few hours per year they will be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Towards alternatives to private cars<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Private cars account for more than 80% of trips in all developed countries, even in those with highly developed public transit systems. It is therefore important to be able to develop alternatives to this mode of transport, but above all to change the use of vehicles to put an end to people driving alone. This change in habits alone would make it possible, without major systemic change or major recourse to public money, to significantly and rapidly reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Developing collective use of non-mass transport, combined with a system of active mobility (especially cycling) for short distances, presents a credible transition time frame because it does not rely too heavily on infrastructure development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" style=\"width:454px;height:302px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2.jpg 1031w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In blue: Fuel consumption of individual vehicles and in orange: road traffic of individual vehicles. Source : SDES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Tackle the problem at the source<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, it is necessary to try to reduce all travel, starting with trips that are currently &#8220;obligatory&#8221; due to a limiting range of geographical, technological and social constraints, e.g commuting to work, driving kids to school&#8230; This involves increasing the functional mix of our cities in order to reduce the distances between work, leisure, business and home. It also implies a change in our modes of production, with less geographically fragmented value chains and an increased use of remote working wherever possible<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The transition towards sustainable mobility therefore implies the mobilization of behavioral, economic, organizational, technical, urban planning and political levers in a coordinated manner, taking into account the different temporalities associated with each of the dimensions.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\"><strong>Text adapted from an article published in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ecoledesponts.fr\/sites\/ecoledesponts.fr\/files\/documents\/cdp_numero3_version_numerique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Le Cahier des Ponts n\u00b03<\/a>, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\">An electric car using electricity as it is produced on average in Europe (400 g\/KWh) emits as much CO<sub>2<\/sub> as a thermal car emitting 95g of CO<sub>2<\/sub> (European objective 2020) (Well-to-Wheel analysis, Source ADEME). <a href=\"#9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ecological challenge Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[692,937],"_related_content_author":[1078],"_related_content_category":[1716],"_related_content_folder":[4232],"_excerpt":"Almost a third of final energy consumption in France is generated by transport. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2019\/oil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This sector, which is responsible for 65% of final oil consumption<\/a> <a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>, is also dependent on fossil fuels, actively contributing to global warming: it produces 15% of GHG emissions worldwide (IPPC, 2022) and 31% of GHG emissions in France, compared to 23% in 1990 (SDES, 2019). However, we have less than 10 years of emissions left at the current rate if we want to meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in global temperature to +1.5\u00b0C.","_duration":3,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"An electric car using electricity as it is produced on average in Europe (400 g\/KWh) emits as much CO<sub>2<\/sub> as a thermal car emitting 95g of CO<sub>2<\/sub> (European objective 2020) (Well-to-Wheel analysis, Source ADEME).\",\"id\":\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\"}]"},"article-types":[13],"class_list":["post-1739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1565,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg","alt":"","caption":"\u00a9Guitafotostudio (source : Adobe Stock)","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1565\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00a9Guitafotostudio (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1565\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00a9Guitafotostudio (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1565\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00a9Guitafotostudio (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"The ecological challenge","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>The ecological challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>The ecological challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>The ecological challenge<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last few decades have shown. GHG emissions first increased steadily between 1990 and 2007, before stabilizing. Technical developments, such as improving the performance of internal combustion engines, could have reduced its impact on the environment. However, the increase in vehicle mass for reasons of safety and comfort has instead amplified the consumption of individual vehicles.\u00a0 It is only with the continued improvement in efficiency, but also with lighter vehicles and work to reduce friction, that GHG emissions have stabilized. Conversely, the number of kilometers traveled increased rapidly, then stabilized and has started to rise again in recent years.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last few decades have shown. GHG emissions first increased steadily between 1990 and 2007, before stabilizing. Technical developments, such as improving the performance of internal combustion engines, could have reduced its impact on the environment. However, the increase in vehicle mass for reasons of safety and comfort has instead amplified the consumption of individual vehicles.&nbsp; It is only with the continued improvement in efficiency, but also with lighter vehicles and work to reduce friction, that GHG emissions have stabilized. Conversely, the number of kilometers traveled increased rapidly, then stabilized and has started to rise again in recent years.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last few decades have shown. GHG emissions first increased steadily between 1990 and 2007, before stabilizing. Technical developments, such as improving the performance of internal combustion engines, could have reduced its impact on the environment. However, the increase in vehicle mass for reasons of safety and comfort has instead amplified the consumption of individual vehicles.&nbsp; It is only with the continued improvement in efficiency, but also with lighter vehicles and work to reduce friction, that GHG emissions have stabilized. Conversely, the number of kilometers traveled increased rapidly, then stabilized and has started to rise again in recent years.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Reducing the impact of transport on global warming is a complex problem, as developments over the last few decades have shown. GHG emissions first increased steadily between 1990 and 2007, before stabilizing. Technical developments, such as improving the performance of internal combustion engines, could have reduced its impact on the environment. However, the increase in vehicle mass for reasons of safety and comfort has instead amplified the consumption of individual vehicles.&nbsp; It is only with the continued improvement in efficiency, but also with lighter vehicles and work to reduce friction, that GHG emissions have stabilized. Conversely, the number of kilometers traveled increased rapidly, then stabilized and has started to rise again in recent years.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The reduction of environmental impacts can only be achieved by mobilizing three major areas:","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>The reduction of environmental impacts can only be achieved by mobilizing three major areas:<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>The reduction of environmental impacts can only be achieved by mobilizing three major areas:<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>The reduction of environmental impacts can only be achieved by mobilizing three major areas:<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/list","attrs":{"ordered":false,"values":"\n\n\n\n","type":"","start":0,"reversed":false,"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-list","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/list-item","attrs":{"placeholder":"","content":"automotive engineering;","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<li>automotive engineering;<\/li>\n","innerContent":["\n<li>automotive engineering;<\/li>\n"],"rendered":"\n<li>automotive engineering;<\/li>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/list-item","attrs":{"placeholder":"","content":"eco-driving;","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<li>eco-driving;<\/li>\n","innerContent":["\n<li>eco-driving;<\/li>\n"],"rendered":"\n<li>eco-driving;<\/li>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/list-item","attrs":{"placeholder":"","content":"and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<li>and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).<\/li>\n","innerContent":["\n<li>and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).<\/li>\n"],"rendered":"\n<li>and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).<\/li>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n","innerContent":["\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">",null,"\n\n",null,"\n\n",null,"<\/ul>\n"],"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>automotive engineering;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>eco-driving;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and traffic fluidity (including optimization with digital tools).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"level":3,"textColor":"medium-grey","textAlign":"","content":"Evolution of GHG emissions from 1990 to 2018 and reduction trajectories envisaged by the proposed National Low Carbon Strategy (NLCS-2)","levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\">Evolution of GHG emissions from 1990 to 2018 and reduction trajectories envisaged by the proposed National Low Carbon Strategy (NLCS-2)<\/h3>\n","innerContent":["\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\">Evolution of GHG emissions from 1990 to 2018 and reduction trajectories envisaged by the proposed National Low Carbon Strategy (NLCS-2)<\/h3>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\">Evolution of GHG emissions from 1990 to 2018 and reduction trajectories envisaged by the proposed National Low Carbon Strategy (NLCS-2)<\/h3>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1541,"width":"597px","height":"402px","sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg","alt":"","caption":" Source: Programmation pluriannuelle de l'\u00e9nergie (Multi-Year Energy Programming), 2020, p. 320. ","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1541\" style=\"width:597px;height:402px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Source: <em>Programmation pluriannuelle de l'\u00e9nergie<\/em> (Multi-Year Energy Programming), 2020, p. 320. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1541\" style=\"width:597px;height:402px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Source: <em>Programmation pluriannuelle de l'\u00e9nergie<\/em> (Multi-Year Energy Programming), 2020, p. 320. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Numero3_11_E-Fortin_Fig2_img2-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1541\" style=\"width:597px;height:402px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Source: <em>Programmation pluriannuelle de l'\u00e9nergie<\/em> (Multi-Year Energy Programming), 2020, p. 320. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"A transformation in automotive engineering","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>A transformation in automotive engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>A transformation in automotive engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>A transformation in automotive engineering<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The first area, which is more technical, concerns the evolution of the way vehicles work, whether to reduce their consumption or to switch to other fuels. This first point involves reducing driving resistance, making the vehicle lighter, improving the performance of the powertrain or even hybridization","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>The first area, which is more technical, concerns the evolution of the way vehicles work, whether to reduce their consumption or to switch to other fuels. This first point involves reducing driving resistance, making the vehicle lighter, improving the performance of the powertrain or even hybridization<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>The first area, which is more technical, concerns the evolution of the way vehicles work, whether to reduce their consumption or to switch to other fuels. This first point involves reducing driving resistance, making the vehicle lighter, improving the performance of the powertrain or even hybridization<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>The first area, which is more technical, concerns the evolution of the way vehicles work, whether to reduce their consumption or to switch to other fuels. This first point involves reducing driving resistance, making the vehicle lighter, improving the performance of the powertrain or even hybridization<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Alternative energy sources as biofuels, biogas and hydrogen from steam reforming are all relevant alternative fuels in terms of CO2 emissions. As for electric vehicles, their interest depends largely on the decarbonation of upstream electricity production1. Vehicles can then facilitate the deployment of renewable energies by providing significant storage capacity when they produce more electricity than is demanded from the grid. But this implies that the grid must become intelligent in order to optimize the energy system from a technical and economic point of view. Part of the fleet must be made electric in order to achieve carbon neutrality, but the timing of this must be coordinated with the decarbonisation of the electricity mix. As a general rule, it is important that these raw material-intensive technologies, the extraction of which causes a great deal of environmental damage, follow a logic of minimal use of resources. From this point of view, it is essential to adapt to uses, for example meeting exceptional needs for long-distance travel (when going on holiday, for example) other than by increasing the battery stacks of electric vehicles. When more than 90% of daily trips do not require more than 25 kWh, it is environmentally and economically absurd to load several hundred kilograms of batteries for the few hours per year they will be used.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Alternative energy sources as biofuels, biogas and hydrogen from steam reforming are all relevant alternative fuels in terms of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions. As for electric vehicles, their interest depends largely on the decarbonation of upstream electricity production<sup data-fn=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" id=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Vehicles can then facilitate the deployment of renewable energies by providing significant storage capacity when they produce more electricity than is demanded from the grid. But this implies that the grid must become intelligent in order to optimize the energy system from a technical and economic point of view. Part of the fleet must be made electric in order to achieve carbon neutrality, but the timing of this must be coordinated with the decarbonisation of the electricity mix. As a general rule, it is important that these raw material-intensive technologies, the extraction of which causes a great deal of environmental damage, follow a logic of minimal use of resources. From this point of view, it is essential to adapt to uses, for example meeting exceptional needs for long-distance travel (when going on holiday, for example) other than by increasing the battery stacks of electric vehicles. When more than 90% of daily trips do not require more than 25 kWh, it is environmentally and economically absurd to load several hundred kilograms of batteries for the few hours per year they will be used.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Alternative energy sources as biofuels, biogas and hydrogen from steam reforming are all relevant alternative fuels in terms of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions. As for electric vehicles, their interest depends largely on the decarbonation of upstream electricity production<sup data-fn=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" id=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Vehicles can then facilitate the deployment of renewable energies by providing significant storage capacity when they produce more electricity than is demanded from the grid. But this implies that the grid must become intelligent in order to optimize the energy system from a technical and economic point of view. Part of the fleet must be made electric in order to achieve carbon neutrality, but the timing of this must be coordinated with the decarbonisation of the electricity mix. As a general rule, it is important that these raw material-intensive technologies, the extraction of which causes a great deal of environmental damage, follow a logic of minimal use of resources. From this point of view, it is essential to adapt to uses, for example meeting exceptional needs for long-distance travel (when going on holiday, for example) other than by increasing the battery stacks of electric vehicles. When more than 90% of daily trips do not require more than 25 kWh, it is environmentally and economically absurd to load several hundred kilograms of batteries for the few hours per year they will be used.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Alternative energy sources as biofuels, biogas and hydrogen from steam reforming are all relevant alternative fuels in terms of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions. As for electric vehicles, their interest depends largely on the decarbonation of upstream electricity production<sup data-fn=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5\" id=\"9ac25117-3e60-4f28-acfc-e082d799a7f5-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Vehicles can then facilitate the deployment of renewable energies by providing significant storage capacity when they produce more electricity than is demanded from the grid. But this implies that the grid must become intelligent in order to optimize the energy system from a technical and economic point of view. Part of the fleet must be made electric in order to achieve carbon neutrality, but the timing of this must be coordinated with the decarbonisation of the electricity mix. As a general rule, it is important that these raw material-intensive technologies, the extraction of which causes a great deal of environmental damage, follow a logic of minimal use of resources. From this point of view, it is essential to adapt to uses, for example meeting exceptional needs for long-distance travel (when going on holiday, for example) other than by increasing the battery stacks of electric vehicles. When more than 90% of daily trips do not require more than 25 kWh, it is environmentally and economically absurd to load several hundred kilograms of batteries for the few hours per year they will be used.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Towards alternatives to private cars","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Towards alternatives to private cars<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Towards alternatives to private cars<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Towards alternatives to private cars<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Private cars account for more than 80% of trips in all developed countries, even in those with highly developed public transit systems. It is therefore important to be able to develop alternatives to this mode of transport, but above all to change the use of vehicles to put an end to people driving alone. This change in habits alone would make it possible, without major systemic change or major recourse to public money, to significantly and rapidly reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Developing collective use of non-mass transport, combined with a system of active mobility (especially cycling) for short distances, presents a credible transition time frame because it does not rely too heavily on infrastructure development.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Private cars account for more than 80% of trips in all developed countries, even in those with highly developed public transit systems. It is therefore important to be able to develop alternatives to this mode of transport, but above all to change the use of vehicles to put an end to people driving alone. This change in habits alone would make it possible, without major systemic change or major recourse to public money, to significantly and rapidly reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Developing collective use of non-mass transport, combined with a system of active mobility (especially cycling) for short distances, presents a credible transition time frame because it does not rely too heavily on infrastructure development.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Private cars account for more than 80% of trips in all developed countries, even in those with highly developed public transit systems. It is therefore important to be able to develop alternatives to this mode of transport, but above all to change the use of vehicles to put an end to people driving alone. This change in habits alone would make it possible, without major systemic change or major recourse to public money, to significantly and rapidly reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Developing collective use of non-mass transport, combined with a system of active mobility (especially cycling) for short distances, presents a credible transition time frame because it does not rely too heavily on infrastructure development.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Private cars account for more than 80% of trips in all developed countries, even in those with highly developed public transit systems. It is therefore important to be able to develop alternatives to this mode of transport, but above all to change the use of vehicles to put an end to people driving alone. This change in habits alone would make it possible, without major systemic change or major recourse to public money, to significantly and rapidly reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Developing collective use of non-mass transport, combined with a system of active mobility (especially cycling) for short distances, presents a credible transition time frame because it does not rely too heavily on infrastructure development.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1563,"width":"454px","height":"302px","sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg","alt":"","caption":"In blue: Fuel consumption of individual vehicles and in orange: road traffic of individual vehicles. Source : SDES","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" style=\"width:454px;height:302px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In blue: Fuel consumption of individual vehicles and in orange: road traffic of individual vehicles. Source : SDES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" style=\"width:454px;height:302px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In blue: Fuel consumption of individual vehicles and in orange: road traffic of individual vehicles. Source : SDES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_num3_emeric_fortin_2-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1563\" style=\"width:454px;height:302px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In blue: Fuel consumption of individual vehicles and in orange: road traffic of individual vehicles. Source : SDES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Tackle the problem at the source","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Tackle the problem at the source<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Tackle the problem at the source<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Tackle the problem at the source<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Finally, it is necessary to try to reduce all travel, starting with trips that are currently \"obligatory\" due to a limiting range of geographical, technological and social constraints, e.g commuting to work, driving kids to school... This involves increasing the functional mix of our cities in order to reduce the distances between work, leisure, business and home. It also implies a change in our modes of production, with less geographically fragmented value chains and an increased use of remote working wherever possible","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Finally, it is necessary to try to reduce all travel, starting with trips that are currently \"obligatory\" due to a limiting range of geographical, technological and social constraints, e.g commuting to work, driving kids to school... This involves increasing the functional mix of our cities in order to reduce the distances between work, leisure, business and home. It also implies a change in our modes of production, with less geographically fragmented value chains and an increased use of remote working wherever possible<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Finally, it is necessary to try to reduce all travel, starting with trips that are currently \"obligatory\" due to a limiting range of geographical, technological and social constraints, e.g commuting to work, driving kids to school... This involves increasing the functional mix of our cities in order to reduce the distances between work, leisure, business and home. It also implies a change in our modes of production, with less geographically fragmented value chains and an increased use of remote working wherever possible<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Finally, it is necessary to try to reduce all travel, starting with trips that are currently \"obligatory\" due to a limiting range of geographical, technological and social constraints, e.g commuting to work, driving kids to school... This involves increasing the functional mix of our cities in order to reduce the distances between work, leisure, business and home. It also implies a change in our modes of production, with less geographically fragmented value chains and an increased use of remote working wherever possible<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The transition towards sustainable mobility therefore implies the mobilization of behavioral, economic, organizational, technical, urban planning and political levers in a coordinated manner, taking into account the different temporalities associated with each of the dimensions.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>The transition towards sustainable mobility therefore implies the mobilization of behavioral, economic, organizational, technical, urban planning and political levers in a coordinated manner, taking into account the different temporalities associated with each of the dimensions.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>The transition towards sustainable mobility therefore implies the mobilization of behavioral, economic, organizational, technical, urban planning and political levers in a coordinated manner, taking into account the different temporalities associated with each of the dimensions.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>The transition towards sustainable mobility therefore implies the mobilization of behavioral, economic, organizational, technical, urban planning and political levers in a coordinated manner, taking into account the different temporalities associated with each of the dimensions.<a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"medium-grey","align":"","content":"Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts n\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\"><strong>Text adapted from an article published in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ecoledesponts.fr\/sites\/ecoledesponts.fr\/files\/documents\/cdp_numero3_version_numerique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Le Cahier des Ponts n\u00b03<\/a>, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\"><strong>Text adapted from an article published in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ecoledesponts.fr\/sites\/ecoledesponts.fr\/files\/documents\/cdp_numero3_version_numerique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Le Cahier des Ponts n\u00b03<\/a>, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color\"><strong>Text adapted from an article published in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ecoledesponts.fr\/sites\/ecoledesponts.fr\/files\/documents\/cdp_numero3_version_numerique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Le Cahier des Ponts n\u00b03<\/a>, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""}],"seo":{"title":"Transport and mobility: pathways to energy transition?"},"media":{"img":"<img width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-scaled.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-1920x1080.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/CdP_Num3_Emeric_Fortin_bandeau-scaled.jpeg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/transport-and-mobility-pathways-to-energy-transition\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"\u00c9meric Fortin","url":"\/en\/authors\/emeric-fortin\/","id":"1078","media":"<img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Emeric_Fortin-60x60.png\" class=\"attachment-author-thumb size-author-thumb wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Emeric_Fortin-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Emeric_Fortin-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px\" \/>","slug":"emeric-fortin"}],"subject":[{"title":"Mobility, Transport &#038; Infrastructure","url":"\/en\/subjects\/mobility-transport-infrastructure\/","id":"692","media":"<img width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites.jpg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>","slug":"mobility-transport-infrastructure"},{"title":"Energy, Ecology &amp; Climate","url":"\/en\/subjects\/energy-ecology-climate\/","id":"937","media":"<img width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-energie.jpg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-energie.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-energie-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-energie-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-energie-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>","slug":"energy-ecology-climate"}],"category":[{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[{"title":"Energy Transition","url":"\/en\/folders\/energy-transition\/","id":"4232","media":"<img width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-scaled.jpeg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/AdobeStock_184007753-1920x1080.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>","slug":"energy-transition"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/transports-et-mobilites-les-voies-dune-transition-energetique\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"3","custom_excerpt":"Almost a third of final energy consumption in France is generated by transport. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2019\/oil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This sector, which is responsible for 65% of final oil consumption<\/a> <a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>, is also dependent on fossil fuels, actively contributing to global warming: it produces 15% of GHG emissions worldwide (IPPC, 2022) and 31% of GHG emissions in France, compared to 23% in 1990 (SDES, 2019). However, we have less than 10 years of emissions left at the current rate if we want to meet the commitments of the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in global temperature to +1.5\u00b0C.","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1739"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8941,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1739\/revisions\/8941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=1739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}