{"id":1758,"date":"2022-11-23T10:19:21","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T09:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enpc.ergeais.com\/?p=1758"},"modified":"2025-07-29T14:55:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T12:55:43","slug":"measuring-the-efficiency-of-public-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/measuring-the-efficiency-of-public-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"Measuring the efficiency of public policies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"\"
Wide panorama of clean eco green city metro urban with copy space. \u00a9 Quality Stock Arts (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the French government has put in place financial incentives. But what is their potential impact? This is what Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, researcher at CIRED is interested in, in particular the subsidies offered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Since the beginning of his research career, this expert in environmental economics has been evaluating these levers to find out to what extent they make it possible to achieve the environmental objectives of the next 30 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a recent study<\/a>, he worked alongside Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion, examining five measures that encourage housing renovation: carbon tax, energy transition tax credit, energy saving certificates, zero-interest eco-loans and reduced VAT. The originality of their project lies in their evaluation method, which is based on a model that integrates psychological, technological and economic mechanisms. \u201cWe use Res-IRF, a techno-economic model that specifically aims to describe the main behavioral barriers to home energy improvements and is intended to improve the behavioral realism that integrated energy demand models generally lack.\u201d Using data from the Ph\u00e9bus survey (a survey on housing performance, equipment, needs and energy use), the study determines not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency and the distributional effects of these measures (comparing the cost to the results obtained), from 2012 to 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The final conclusions are mixed. Energy consumption could decrease sufficiently, \u201cif policies are set at ambitious levels and maintained until 2050.\u201d But other issues are difficult to resolve, such as the disappearance of F or G energy performance housing (planned for 2025 but feasible in 2040). The article opens with recommendations for a faster and more equal energy transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taking the same prospective approach, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet is working on the use of air conditioners in Africa, which is set to increase as a result of global warming. A promising project that allows him to go further in his work on the challenges of the energy transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios: if all policies are considered (“TP<\/em>“), if all landlord-lessor dilemmas are removed (“TP sans DPL<\/em>“), if measures become more ambitious (“TP+<\/em>“) or if they are entirely removed (“ZP<\/em>“) \u00a9 Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion. Graph from GIRAUDET, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan, BOURGEOIS, Cyril and QUIRION, Philippe. Economic efficiency and long-term distributional effects of housing energy renovation policies<\/em> (paper forthcoming).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[124,936],"_related_content_author":[1714],"_related_content_category":[1716],"_related_content_folder":[4232],"_excerpt":"Are the levers put in place by public authorities to improve the energy efficiency of buildings effective? Yes, provided that the financial measures introduced are set at ambitious and sustainable levels.<\/strong>","_duration":2,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":""},"article-types":[13],"class_list":["post-1758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1534,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AdobeStock_279434041.jpeg","alt":"","caption":"Wide panorama of clean eco green city metro urban with copy space. \u00a9\u00a0Quality Stock Arts (source : Adobe Stock)","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-full","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

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Wide panorama of clean eco green city metro urban with copy space. \u00a9 Quality Stock Arts (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
\"\"
Wide panorama of clean eco green city metro urban with copy space. \u00a9 Quality Stock Arts (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Wide panorama of clean eco green city metro urban with copy space. \u00a9 Quality Stock Arts (source : Adobe Stock)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the French government has put in place financial incentives. But what is their potential impact? This is what Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, researcher at CIRED is interested in, in particular the subsidies offered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Since the beginning of his research career, this expert in environmental economics has been evaluating these levers to find out to what extent they make it possible to achieve the environmental objectives of the next 30 years.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the French government has put in place financial incentives. But what is their potential impact? This is what Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, researcher at CIRED is interested in, in particular the subsidies offered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Since the beginning of his research career, this expert in environmental economics has been evaluating these levers to find out to what extent they make it possible to achieve the environmental objectives of the next 30 years.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the French government has put in place financial incentives. But what is their potential impact? This is what Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, researcher at CIRED is interested in, in particular the subsidies offered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Since the beginning of his research career, this expert in environmental economics has been evaluating these levers to find out to what extent they make it possible to achieve the environmental objectives of the next 30 years.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

In order to reach its objectives in greenhouse gas reduction, as set out in the National Low Carbon Strategy, the French government has put in place financial incentives. But what is their potential impact? This is what Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, researcher at CIRED is interested in, in particular the subsidies offered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Since the beginning of his research career, this expert in environmental economics has been evaluating these levers to find out to what extent they make it possible to achieve the environmental objectives of the next 30 years.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In a recent study, he worked alongside Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion, examining five measures that encourage housing renovation: carbon tax, energy transition tax credit, energy saving certificates, zero-interest eco-loans and reduced VAT. The originality of their project lies in their evaluation method, which is based on a model that integrates psychological, technological and economic mechanisms. \u201cWe use Res-IRF, a techno-economic model that specifically aims to describe the main behavioral barriers to home energy improvements and is intended to improve the behavioral realism that integrated energy demand models generally lack.\u201d Using data from the Ph\u00e9bus survey (a survey on housing performance, equipment, needs and energy use), the study determines not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency and the distributional effects of these measures (comparing the cost to the results obtained), from 2012 to 2050.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

In a recent study<\/a>, he worked alongside Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion, examining five measures that encourage housing renovation: carbon tax, energy transition tax credit, energy saving certificates, zero-interest eco-loans and reduced VAT. The originality of their project lies in their evaluation method, which is based on a model that integrates psychological, technological and economic mechanisms. \u201cWe use Res-IRF, a techno-economic model that specifically aims to describe the main behavioral barriers to home energy improvements and is intended to improve the behavioral realism that integrated energy demand models generally lack.\u201d Using data from the Ph\u00e9bus survey (a survey on housing performance, equipment, needs and energy use), the study determines not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency and the distributional effects of these measures (comparing the cost to the results obtained), from 2012 to 2050.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

In a recent study<\/a>, he worked alongside Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion, examining five measures that encourage housing renovation: carbon tax, energy transition tax credit, energy saving certificates, zero-interest eco-loans and reduced VAT. The originality of their project lies in their evaluation method, which is based on a model that integrates psychological, technological and economic mechanisms. \u201cWe use Res-IRF, a techno-economic model that specifically aims to describe the main behavioral barriers to home energy improvements and is intended to improve the behavioral realism that integrated energy demand models generally lack.\u201d Using data from the Ph\u00e9bus survey (a survey on housing performance, equipment, needs and energy use), the study determines not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency and the distributional effects of these measures (comparing the cost to the results obtained), from 2012 to 2050.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

In a recent study<\/a>, he worked alongside Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion, examining five measures that encourage housing renovation: carbon tax, energy transition tax credit, energy saving certificates, zero-interest eco-loans and reduced VAT. The originality of their project lies in their evaluation method, which is based on a model that integrates psychological, technological and economic mechanisms. \u201cWe use Res-IRF, a techno-economic model that specifically aims to describe the main behavioral barriers to home energy improvements and is intended to improve the behavioral realism that integrated energy demand models generally lack.\u201d Using data from the Ph\u00e9bus survey (a survey on housing performance, equipment, needs and energy use), the study determines not only the effectiveness, but also the efficiency and the distributional effects of these measures (comparing the cost to the results obtained), from 2012 to 2050.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The final conclusions are mixed. Energy consumption could decrease sufficiently, \u201cif policies are set at ambitious levels and maintained until 2050.\u201d But other issues are difficult to resolve, such as the disappearance of F or G energy performance housing (planned for 2025 but feasible in 2040). The article opens with recommendations for a faster and more equal energy transition.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

The final conclusions are mixed. Energy consumption could decrease sufficiently, \u201cif policies are set at ambitious levels and maintained until 2050.\u201d But other issues are difficult to resolve, such as the disappearance of F or G energy performance housing (planned for 2025 but feasible in 2040). The article opens with recommendations for a faster and more equal energy transition.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

The final conclusions are mixed. Energy consumption could decrease sufficiently, \u201cif policies are set at ambitious levels and maintained until 2050.\u201d But other issues are difficult to resolve, such as the disappearance of F or G energy performance housing (planned for 2025 but feasible in 2040). The article opens with recommendations for a faster and more equal energy transition.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

The final conclusions are mixed. Energy consumption could decrease sufficiently, \u201cif policies are set at ambitious levels and maintained until 2050.\u201d But other issues are difficult to resolve, such as the disappearance of F or G energy performance housing (planned for 2025 but feasible in 2040). The article opens with recommendations for a faster and more equal energy transition.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Taking the same prospective approach, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet is working on the use of air conditioners in Africa, which is set to increase as a result of global warming. A promising project that allows him to go further in his work on the challenges of the energy transition.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Taking the same prospective approach, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet is working on the use of air conditioners in Africa, which is set to increase as a result of global warming. A promising project that allows him to go further in his work on the challenges of the energy transition.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Taking the same prospective approach, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet is working on the use of air conditioners in Africa, which is set to increase as a result of global warming. A promising project that allows him to go further in his work on the challenges of the energy transition.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Taking the same prospective approach, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet is working on the use of air conditioners in Africa, which is set to increase as a result of global warming. A promising project that allows him to go further in his work on the challenges of the energy transition.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"level":3,"textColor":"medium-grey","textAlign":"","content":"Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios","levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios<\/h3>\n","innerContent":["\n

Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios<\/h3>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios<\/h3>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1143,"width":"621px","height":"311px","sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cdp_Numero3_05_LGGiraudet_Fig1_illustration-1024x512.jpg","alt":"","caption":"Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios: if all policies are considered (\"TP\"), if all landlord-lessor dilemmas are removed (\"TP sans DPL\"), if measures become more ambitious (\"TP+\") or if they are entirely removed (\"ZP\") \u00a9 Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion. Graph from GIRAUDET, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan, BOURGEOIS, Cyril and QUIRION, Philippe. Economic efficiency and long-term distributional effects of housing energy renovation policies (paper forthcoming).","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n
\"\"
Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios: if all policies are considered (\"TP<\/em>\"), if all landlord-lessor dilemmas are removed (\"TP sans DPL<\/em>\"), if measures become more ambitious (\"TP+<\/em>\") or if they are entirely removed (\"ZP<\/em>\") \u00a9 Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion. Graph from GIRAUDET, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan, BOURGEOIS, Cyril and QUIRION, Philippe. Economic efficiency and long-term distributional effects of housing energy renovation policies<\/em> (paper forthcoming).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
\"\"
Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios: if all policies are considered (\"TP<\/em>\"), if all landlord-lessor dilemmas are removed (\"TP sans DPL<\/em>\"), if measures become more ambitious (\"TP+<\/em>\") or if they are entirely removed (\"ZP<\/em>\") \u00a9 Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion. Graph from GIRAUDET, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan, BOURGEOIS, Cyril and QUIRION, Philippe. Economic efficiency and long-term distributional effects of housing energy renovation policies<\/em> (paper forthcoming).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Estimated changes in final energy consumption from 2015 to 2050 according to 4 scenarios: if all policies are considered (\"TP<\/em>\"), if all landlord-lessor dilemmas are removed (\"TP sans DPL<\/em>\"), if measures become more ambitious (\"TP+<\/em>\") or if they are entirely removed (\"ZP<\/em>\") \u00a9 Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet, Cyril Bourgeois and Philippe Quirion. Graph from GIRAUDET, Louis-Ga\u00ebtan, BOURGEOIS, Cyril and QUIRION, Philippe. Economic efficiency and long-term distributional effects of housing energy renovation policies<\/em> (paper forthcoming).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"medium-grey","align":"","content":"Text adapted from an article published in\u00a0Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"}],"seo":{"title":"Measuring the efficiency of public policies"},"media":{"img":"\"\"","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/AdobeStock_279434041-scaled.jpeg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/measuring-the-efficiency-of-public-policies\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Louis-Ga\u00ebtan Giraudet","url":"\/en\/authors\/louis-gaetan-giraudet\/","id":"1714","media":"\"\"","slug":"louis-gaetan-giraudet"}],"subject":[{"title":"Economics & Society","url":"\/en\/subjects\/economics-society\/","id":"124","media":"\"\"","slug":"economics-society"},{"title":"Cities, Urban planning & Construction","url":"\/en\/subjects\/cities-urban-planning-construction\/","id":"936","media":"\"\"","slug":"cities-urban-planning-construction"}],"category":[{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[{"title":"Energy Transition","url":"\/en\/folders\/energy-transition\/","id":"4232","media":"\"\"","slug":"energy-transition"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/mesurer-lefficience-des-politiques-publiques\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"2","custom_excerpt":"Are the levers put in place by public authorities to improve the energy efficiency of buildings effective? Yes, provided that the financial measures introduced are set at ambitious and sustainable levels.<\/strong>","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1758"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8945,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758\/revisions\/8945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=1758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}