{"id":2449,"date":"2022-11-23T10:21:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T09:21:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=2449"},"modified":"2025-07-29T15:02:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T13:02:35","slug":"carte-blanche_guivarch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/carte-blanche_guivarch\/","title":{"rendered":"Carte Blanche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Sao Paulo, illustration de Luc Schuiten \u00a9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The “Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the increase in temperature to 2\u00b0C compared to the pre-industrial era”, says C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Centre for Research on Environment and Development (CIRED<\/a>). “The big question for scientists is how to transform our societies to limit greenhouse gas emissions, through mitigation policies, especially in transport, power generation and construction. The answers are technological (innovative renewable energy sources, for example), but also economic and social. Indeed, it is up to decision-makers to implement appropriate public policies (energy taxation, choice of infrastructure, orientation of production and consumption patterns, etc.). Economic research, for its part, must be able to assess the validity of these choices and their medium and long-term impact on climate change on a global scale”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A model for the energy transition<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is what C\u00e9line Guivarch is working on, more specifically on the modeling of the world economy and its interactions with climate change, notably through Imaclim-R, a dynamic recursive global model developed at CIRED. This could shed light on the medium and long-term effect of public policies on energy transition, for example, favoring electric cars, subsidizing building insulation or taxing coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“The Imaclim-R model was created at CIRED some 20 years ago. I helped in its development, but also to deconstruct it in order to understand how its different parameters interact,” explains C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multiple scenarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This complex computer model is made up of a set of algorithms and integrates the physical underpinnings of the economy (such as demographics), its energy components (coal consumption, etc.) and the interplay of stakeholders (companies, households, etc.) according to their investment or consumption behavior, against the backdrop of various macroeconomic scenarios. By varying different parameters, we can look at the expected effect on unemployment or growth and, of course, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, within a time frame that corresponds to the expected effects of climate change on the economy, i.e. several decades, or even a century. \u201cOver such a long period of time, this type of model has no predictive ambition,\u201d notes the researcher. The aim is to provide foresight on the economic and social effects of climate change or political choices with feedback loops: for example, what happens if we drastically reduce coal consumption worldwide? Based on assumptions about demographics, growth, energy choices or technological breakthroughs, a large number of scenarios are developed. The comparison can be used to provide information on the long-term effect of public decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission). A value greater than 1 means that a country is relatively more responsible for global warming than the degree to which it will experience its impacts. Source: Data from FRAME, David, et al. 2019. Emissions and Emergence: A, New Index Comparing Relative Contributions to Climate Change with, Relative Climatic Consequences. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> [online], vol. 14, n\u00b0 8, 084009. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab27fc<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Collaboration across borders<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are also national versions of this model, known as IMACLIM-countries. The version on France has been developed by CIRED team, but for other countries the development is made in collaboration with teams from the countries in question. The French version is used in particular for the economic analysis of the scenario underlying the National Low Carbon Strategy<\/a><\/em>, France’s roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. This is not my direct area of research. But I have to say that since I have been a member of the High Council for Climate, I have paid more attention to the work of my colleagues,” says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evolution of the Gini coefficient in the 21st century according to five socio-economic scenarios and two estimates of damage caused by climate change.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
This Gini coefficient measures wealth inequalities between countries \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Informing public decision-making<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Her work led to her appointment as a member of the High Council for Climate upon its creation by the French President in November 2018. With very few equivalents in the world, this independent advisory body has 12 members under the chairmanship of French-Canadian climatologist Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9. Operating on a collegial basis and with a small team of permanent staff, it aims to inform public decision-making through an annual report to the Prime Minister on France’s greenhouse gas emissions and compliance with the emissions reduction trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“It’s a privilege to participate in this forum where experts work together towards such a critical issue. Personally, I learn a lot from the other members. All the more so as our advice, reports and recommendations must be part of a global approach that takes into account the economic and social sustainability of the energy transition for the French people and companies”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond that, whether based on IMACLIM or other models developed by research teams around the world in Europe, the United States, Japan or in some major emerging countries such as Brazil or India, a scientific community has been formed on modeling. \u201cIt is very active and involved in the global challenge we face. CIRED teams are actively participating in this network by exchanging points of view, comparing approaches and results,” says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the European level, CIRED is participating in a project1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0launched in 2019 that aims to develop models to contribute to European decision-making, particularly on the question of the impact of so-called mitigation policies (such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) on the transport, industry or construction sectors, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reporting on the state of science<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e9line Guivarch’s keen involvement in these issues has also led her to join the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) as the author of the report (known as AR6) on mitigation, as part of a community of 17 authors responsible for drafting a chapter that discusses climate change mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals, i.e. the rate at which global emissions need to be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement target. \u201cLike the work of many laboratories around the world, CIRED’s activities contribute to the databases used by the IPCC and is synthesized in its reports. As such, I felt it was important to participate in this unique, major international project,” she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cScientifically speaking, this work is quite different,” adds C\u00e9line Guivarch. “For authors like me, it is not about producing knowledge, but about evaluating and synthesizing the state of science by pointing out areas of consensus, but also uncertainties”. An approach that requires a great deal of discussion between co-authors and experts registered by the IPCC. \u201cThe task is quite heavy with a lot of constraints, because we have to respond to all the comments which end up being made public. This is the price for providing full transparency and legitimacy to the process which, in its final stage, remains under the control of states,” she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editor \u2022 Pierre-Olivier Rouaud<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

  1. CIRED has been selected to participate[1] in a consortium on climate modeling in the framework of the H2020 joint research program, a project entitled Navigate (Next generation of AdVanced InteGrated Assessment modeling to support climaTE policy making). \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The “Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[937],"_related_content_author":[1339],"_related_content_category":[1716],"_related_content_folder":[4197,4232],"_excerpt":"Assessing the long-term effect on our societies of energy and economic policies aimed at limiting climate change is the mission of C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Center for Research on the Environment and Development (CIRED).<\/strong>","_duration":5,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"CIRED has been selected to participate[1] in a consortium on climate modeling in the framework of the H2020 joint research program, a project entitled Navigate (Next generation of AdVanced InteGrated Assessment modeling to support climaTE policy making).\",\"id\":\"d229d254-1efc-4691-b365-5bc495c7e7f8\"}]"},"article-types":[13],"class_list":["post-2449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1677,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"custom","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Num3_Celine-Guivarch_bandeau-1024x670.jpg","alt":"","caption":"Sao Paulo, illustration de Luc Schuiten \u00a9","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"http:\/\/www.vegetalcity.net\/sao-paulo\/","rel":"noopener","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"_blank","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"\"<\/a>
    Sao Paulo, illustration de Luc Schuiten \u00a9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    Sao Paulo, illustration de Luc Schuiten \u00a9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"\"<\/a>
    Sao Paulo, illustration de Luc Schuiten \u00a9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The \"Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the increase in temperature to 2\u00b0C compared to the pre-industrial era\", says C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Centre for Research on Environment and Development (CIRED). \"The big question for scientists is how to transform our societies to limit greenhouse gas emissions, through mitigation policies, especially in transport, power generation and construction. The answers are technological (innovative renewable energy sources, for example), but also economic and social. Indeed, it is up to decision-makers to implement appropriate public policies (energy taxation, choice of infrastructure, orientation of production and consumption patterns, etc.). Economic research, for its part, must be able to assess the validity of these choices and their medium and long-term impact on climate change on a global scale\".","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The \"Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the increase in temperature to 2\u00b0C compared to the pre-industrial era\", says C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Centre for Research on Environment and Development (CIRED<\/a>). \"The big question for scientists is how to transform our societies to limit greenhouse gas emissions, through mitigation policies, especially in transport, power generation and construction. The answers are technological (innovative renewable energy sources, for example), but also economic and social. Indeed, it is up to decision-makers to implement appropriate public policies (energy taxation, choice of infrastructure, orientation of production and consumption patterns, etc.). Economic research, for its part, must be able to assess the validity of these choices and their medium and long-term impact on climate change on a global scale\".<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The \"Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the increase in temperature to 2\u00b0C compared to the pre-industrial era\", says C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Centre for Research on Environment and Development (CIRED<\/a>). \"The big question for scientists is how to transform our societies to limit greenhouse gas emissions, through mitigation policies, especially in transport, power generation and construction. The answers are technological (innovative renewable energy sources, for example), but also economic and social. Indeed, it is up to decision-makers to implement appropriate public policies (energy taxation, choice of infrastructure, orientation of production and consumption patterns, etc.). Economic research, for its part, must be able to assess the validity of these choices and their medium and long-term impact on climate change on a global scale\".<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The \"Climate change is the challenge of the century with one objective, set by the Paris Agreement, of limiting the increase in temperature to 2\u00b0C compared to the pre-industrial era\", says C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Centre for Research on Environment and Development (CIRED<\/a>). \"The big question for scientists is how to transform our societies to limit greenhouse gas emissions, through mitigation policies, especially in transport, power generation and construction. The answers are technological (innovative renewable energy sources, for example), but also economic and social. Indeed, it is up to decision-makers to implement appropriate public policies (energy taxation, choice of infrastructure, orientation of production and consumption patterns, etc.). Economic research, for its part, must be able to assess the validity of these choices and their medium and long-term impact on climate change on a global scale\".<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"A model for the energy transition","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    A model for the energy transition<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    A model for the energy transition<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    A model for the energy transition<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"This is what C\u00e9line Guivarch is working on, more specifically on the modeling of the world economy and its interactions with climate change, notably through Imaclim-R, a dynamic recursive global model developed at CIRED. This could shed light on the medium and long-term effect of public policies on energy transition, for example, favoring electric cars, subsidizing building insulation or taxing coal.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    This is what C\u00e9line Guivarch is working on, more specifically on the modeling of the world economy and its interactions with climate change, notably through Imaclim-R, a dynamic recursive global model developed at CIRED. This could shed light on the medium and long-term effect of public policies on energy transition, for example, favoring electric cars, subsidizing building insulation or taxing coal.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    This is what C\u00e9line Guivarch is working on, more specifically on the modeling of the world economy and its interactions with climate change, notably through Imaclim-R, a dynamic recursive global model developed at CIRED. This could shed light on the medium and long-term effect of public policies on energy transition, for example, favoring electric cars, subsidizing building insulation or taxing coal.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    This is what C\u00e9line Guivarch is working on, more specifically on the modeling of the world economy and its interactions with climate change, notably through Imaclim-R, a dynamic recursive global model developed at CIRED. This could shed light on the medium and long-term effect of public policies on energy transition, for example, favoring electric cars, subsidizing building insulation or taxing coal.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\"The Imaclim-R model was created at CIRED some 20 years ago. I helped in its development, but also to deconstruct it in order to understand how its different parameters interact,\" explains C\u00e9line Guivarch.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"The Imaclim-R model was created at CIRED some 20 years ago. I helped in its development, but also to deconstruct it in order to understand how its different parameters interact,\" explains C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    \"The Imaclim-R model was created at CIRED some 20 years ago. I helped in its development, but also to deconstruct it in order to understand how its different parameters interact,\" explains C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    \"The Imaclim-R model was created at CIRED some 20 years ago. I helped in its development, but also to deconstruct it in order to understand how its different parameters interact,\" explains C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Multiple scenarios","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Multiple scenarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Multiple scenarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Multiple scenarios<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"This complex computer model is made up of a set of algorithms and integrates the physical underpinnings of the economy (such as demographics), its energy components (coal consumption, etc.) and the interplay of stakeholders (companies, households, etc.) according to their investment or consumption behavior, against the backdrop of various macroeconomic scenarios. By varying different parameters, we can look at the expected effect on unemployment or growth and, of course, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, within a time frame that corresponds to the expected effects of climate change on the economy, i.e. several decades, or even a century. \u201cOver such a long period of time, this type of model has no predictive ambition,\u201d notes the researcher. The aim is to provide foresight on the economic and social effects of climate change or political choices with feedback loops: for example, what happens if we drastically reduce coal consumption worldwide? Based on assumptions about demographics, growth, energy choices or technological breakthroughs, a large number of scenarios are developed. The comparison can be used to provide information on the long-term effect of public decisions.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    This complex computer model is made up of a set of algorithms and integrates the physical underpinnings of the economy (such as demographics), its energy components (coal consumption, etc.) and the interplay of stakeholders (companies, households, etc.) according to their investment or consumption behavior, against the backdrop of various macroeconomic scenarios. By varying different parameters, we can look at the expected effect on unemployment or growth and, of course, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, within a time frame that corresponds to the expected effects of climate change on the economy, i.e. several decades, or even a century. \u201cOver such a long period of time, this type of model has no predictive ambition,\u201d notes the researcher. The aim is to provide foresight on the economic and social effects of climate change or political choices with feedback loops: for example, what happens if we drastically reduce coal consumption worldwide? Based on assumptions about demographics, growth, energy choices or technological breakthroughs, a large number of scenarios are developed. The comparison can be used to provide information on the long-term effect of public decisions.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    This complex computer model is made up of a set of algorithms and integrates the physical underpinnings of the economy (such as demographics), its energy components (coal consumption, etc.) and the interplay of stakeholders (companies, households, etc.) according to their investment or consumption behavior, against the backdrop of various macroeconomic scenarios. By varying different parameters, we can look at the expected effect on unemployment or growth and, of course, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, within a time frame that corresponds to the expected effects of climate change on the economy, i.e. several decades, or even a century. \u201cOver such a long period of time, this type of model has no predictive ambition,\u201d notes the researcher. The aim is to provide foresight on the economic and social effects of climate change or political choices with feedback loops: for example, what happens if we drastically reduce coal consumption worldwide? Based on assumptions about demographics, growth, energy choices or technological breakthroughs, a large number of scenarios are developed. The comparison can be used to provide information on the long-term effect of public decisions.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    This complex computer model is made up of a set of algorithms and integrates the physical underpinnings of the economy (such as demographics), its energy components (coal consumption, etc.) and the interplay of stakeholders (companies, households, etc.) according to their investment or consumption behavior, against the backdrop of various macroeconomic scenarios. By varying different parameters, we can look at the expected effect on unemployment or growth and, of course, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, within a time frame that corresponds to the expected effects of climate change on the economy, i.e. several decades, or even a century. \u201cOver such a long period of time, this type of model has no predictive ambition,\u201d notes the researcher. The aim is to provide foresight on the economic and social effects of climate change or political choices with feedback loops: for example, what happens if we drastically reduce coal consumption worldwide? Based on assumptions about demographics, growth, energy choices or technological breakthroughs, a large number of scenarios are developed. The comparison can be used to provide information on the long-term effect of public decisions.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"level":3,"textColor":"medium-grey","textAlign":"","content":"Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming ","levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming <\/h3>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming <\/h3>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming <\/h3>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1681,"width":"472px","height":"301px","sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Num3_Celine-Guivarch_Fig2.jpg","alt":"","caption":"Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming \u00a9\u00a0Nicolas Taconet (with his permission). A value greater than 1 means that a country is relatively more responsible for global warming than the degree to which it will experience its impacts. Source: Data from FRAME, David, et al. 2019. Emissions and Emergence: A, New Index Comparing Relative Contributions to Climate Change with, Relative Climatic Consequences. Environmental Research Letters [online], vol. 14, n\u00b0 8, 084009. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab27fc","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n
    \"\"
    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission). A value greater than 1 means that a country is relatively more responsible for global warming than the degree to which it will experience its impacts. Source: Data from FRAME, David, et al. 2019. Emissions and Emergence: A, New Index Comparing Relative Contributions to Climate Change with, Relative Climatic Consequences. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> [online], vol. 14, n\u00b0 8, 084009. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab27fc<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"\"
    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission). A value greater than 1 means that a country is relatively more responsible for global warming than the degree to which it will experience its impacts. Source: Data from FRAME, David, et al. 2019. Emissions and Emergence: A, New Index Comparing Relative Contributions to Climate Change with, Relative Climatic Consequences. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> [online], vol. 14, n\u00b0 8, 084009. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab27fc<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"\"
    Contribution and distribution of the impacts of global warming \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission). A value greater than 1 means that a country is relatively more responsible for global warming than the degree to which it will experience its impacts. Source: Data from FRAME, David, et al. 2019. Emissions and Emergence: A, New Index Comparing Relative Contributions to Climate Change with, Relative Climatic Consequences. Environmental Research Letters<\/em> [online], vol. 14, n\u00b0 8, 084009. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab27fc<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Collaboration across borders","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Collaboration across borders<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Collaboration across borders<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Collaboration across borders<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cThere are also national versions of this model, known as IMACLIM-countries. The version on France has been developed by CIRED team, but for other countries the development is made in collaboration with teams from the countries in question. The French version is used in particular for the economic analysis of the scenario underlying the National Low Carbon Strategy, France's roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. This is not my direct area of research. But I have to say that since I have been a member of the High Council for Climate, I have paid more attention to the work of my colleagues,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \u201cThere are also national versions of this model, known as IMACLIM-countries. The version on France has been developed by CIRED team, but for other countries the development is made in collaboration with teams from the countries in question. The French version is used in particular for the economic analysis of the scenario underlying the National Low Carbon Strategy<\/a><\/em>, France's roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. This is not my direct area of research. But I have to say that since I have been a member of the High Council for Climate, I have paid more attention to the work of my colleagues,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    \u201cThere are also national versions of this model, known as IMACLIM-countries. The version on France has been developed by CIRED team, but for other countries the development is made in collaboration with teams from the countries in question. The French version is used in particular for the economic analysis of the scenario underlying the National Low Carbon Strategy<\/a><\/em>, France's roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. This is not my direct area of research. But I have to say that since I have been a member of the High Council for Climate, I have paid more attention to the work of my colleagues,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    \u201cThere are also national versions of this model, known as IMACLIM-countries. The version on France has been developed by CIRED team, but for other countries the development is made in collaboration with teams from the countries in question. The French version is used in particular for the economic analysis of the scenario underlying the National Low Carbon Strategy<\/a><\/em>, France's roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. This is not my direct area of research. But I have to say that since I have been a member of the High Council for Climate, I have paid more attention to the work of my colleagues,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"level":3,"textColor":"medium-grey","textAlign":"","content":"Evolution of the Gini coefficient in the 21st century according to five socio-economic scenarios and two estimates of damage caused by climate change.","levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Evolution of the Gini coefficient in the 21st century according to five socio-economic scenarios and two estimates of damage caused by climate change.<\/h3>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Evolution of the Gini coefficient in the 21st century according to five socio-economic scenarios and two estimates of damage caused by climate change.<\/h3>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Evolution of the Gini coefficient in the 21st century according to five socio-economic scenarios and two estimates of damage caused by climate change.<\/h3>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":1679,"width":"455px","height":"340px","sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Num3_Celine-Guivarch_Fig1-1024x764.jpg","alt":"","caption":"This Gini coefficient measures wealth inequalities between countries \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission).","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n
    \"\"
    This Gini coefficient measures wealth inequalities between countries \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"\"
    This Gini coefficient measures wealth inequalities between countries \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"\"
    This Gini coefficient measures wealth inequalities between countries \u00a9 Nicolas Taconet (with his permission).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Informing public decision-making","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Informing public decision-making<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Informing public decision-making<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Informing public decision-making<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Her work led to her appointment as a member of the High Council for Climate upon its creation by the French President in November 2018. With very few equivalents in the world, this independent advisory body has 12 members under the chairmanship of French-Canadian climatologist Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9. Operating on a collegial basis and with a small team of permanent staff, it aims to inform public decision-making through an annual report to the Prime Minister on France's greenhouse gas emissions and compliance with the emissions reduction trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Her work led to her appointment as a member of the High Council for Climate upon its creation by the French President in November 2018. With very few equivalents in the world, this independent advisory body has 12 members under the chairmanship of French-Canadian climatologist Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9. Operating on a collegial basis and with a small team of permanent staff, it aims to inform public decision-making through an annual report to the Prime Minister on France's greenhouse gas emissions and compliance with the emissions reduction trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Her work led to her appointment as a member of the High Council for Climate upon its creation by the French President in November 2018. With very few equivalents in the world, this independent advisory body has 12 members under the chairmanship of French-Canadian climatologist Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9. Operating on a collegial basis and with a small team of permanent staff, it aims to inform public decision-making through an annual report to the Prime Minister on France's greenhouse gas emissions and compliance with the emissions reduction trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Her work led to her appointment as a member of the High Council for Climate upon its creation by the French President in November 2018. With very few equivalents in the world, this independent advisory body has 12 members under the chairmanship of French-Canadian climatologist Corinne Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9. Operating on a collegial basis and with a small team of permanent staff, it aims to inform public decision-making through an annual report to the Prime Minister on France's greenhouse gas emissions and compliance with the emissions reduction trajectory, i.e. carbon neutrality by 2050.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\"It's a privilege to participate in this forum where experts work together towards such a critical issue. Personally, I learn a lot from the other members. All the more so as our advice, reports and recommendations must be part of a global approach that takes into account the economic and social sustainability of the energy transition for the French people and companies\".","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"It's a privilege to participate in this forum where experts work together towards such a critical issue. Personally, I learn a lot from the other members. All the more so as our advice, reports and recommendations must be part of a global approach that takes into account the economic and social sustainability of the energy transition for the French people and companies\".<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    \"It's a privilege to participate in this forum where experts work together towards such a critical issue. Personally, I learn a lot from the other members. All the more so as our advice, reports and recommendations must be part of a global approach that takes into account the economic and social sustainability of the energy transition for the French people and companies\".<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    \"It's a privilege to participate in this forum where experts work together towards such a critical issue. Personally, I learn a lot from the other members. All the more so as our advice, reports and recommendations must be part of a global approach that takes into account the economic and social sustainability of the energy transition for the French people and companies\".<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Beyond that, whether based on IMACLIM or other models developed by research teams around the world in Europe, the United States, Japan or in some major emerging countries such as Brazil or India, a scientific community has been formed on modeling. \u201cIt is very active and involved in the global challenge we face. CIRED teams are actively participating in this network by exchanging points of view, comparing approaches and results,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Beyond that, whether based on IMACLIM or other models developed by research teams around the world in Europe, the United States, Japan or in some major emerging countries such as Brazil or India, a scientific community has been formed on modeling. \u201cIt is very active and involved in the global challenge we face. CIRED teams are actively participating in this network by exchanging points of view, comparing approaches and results,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Beyond that, whether based on IMACLIM or other models developed by research teams around the world in Europe, the United States, Japan or in some major emerging countries such as Brazil or India, a scientific community has been formed on modeling. \u201cIt is very active and involved in the global challenge we face. CIRED teams are actively participating in this network by exchanging points of view, comparing approaches and results,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Beyond that, whether based on IMACLIM or other models developed by research teams around the world in Europe, the United States, Japan or in some major emerging countries such as Brazil or India, a scientific community has been formed on modeling. \u201cIt is very active and involved in the global challenge we face. CIRED teams are actively participating in this network by exchanging points of view, comparing approaches and results,\" says C\u00e9line Guivarch.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"At the European level, CIRED is participating in a project1\u00a0launched in 2019 that aims to develop models to contribute to European decision-making, particularly on the question of the impact of so-called mitigation policies (such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) on the transport, industry or construction sectors, for instance.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    At the European level, CIRED is participating in a project1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0launched in 2019 that aims to develop models to contribute to European decision-making, particularly on the question of the impact of so-called mitigation policies (such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) on the transport, industry or construction sectors, for instance.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    At the European level, CIRED is participating in a project1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0launched in 2019 that aims to develop models to contribute to European decision-making, particularly on the question of the impact of so-called mitigation policies (such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) on the transport, industry or construction sectors, for instance.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    At the European level, CIRED is participating in a project1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0launched in 2019 that aims to develop models to contribute to European decision-making, particularly on the question of the impact of so-called mitigation policies (such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) on the transport, industry or construction sectors, for instance.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"Reporting on the state of science","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Reporting on the state of science<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Reporting on the state of science<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Reporting on the state of science<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"C\u00e9line Guivarch's keen involvement in these issues has also led her to join the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) as the author of the report (known as AR6) on mitigation, as part of a community of 17 authors responsible for drafting a chapter that discusses climate change mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals, i.e. the rate at which global emissions need to be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement target. \u201cLike the work of many laboratories around the world, CIRED's activities contribute to the databases used by the IPCC and is synthesized in its reports. As such, I felt it was important to participate in this unique, major international project,\" she says.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    C\u00e9line Guivarch's keen involvement in these issues has also led her to join the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) as the author of the report (known as AR6) on mitigation, as part of a community of 17 authors responsible for drafting a chapter that discusses climate change mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals, i.e. the rate at which global emissions need to be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement target. \u201cLike the work of many laboratories around the world, CIRED's activities contribute to the databases used by the IPCC and is synthesized in its reports. As such, I felt it was important to participate in this unique, major international project,\" she says.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    C\u00e9line Guivarch's keen involvement in these issues has also led her to join the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) as the author of the report (known as AR6) on mitigation, as part of a community of 17 authors responsible for drafting a chapter that discusses climate change mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals, i.e. the rate at which global emissions need to be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement target. \u201cLike the work of many laboratories around the world, CIRED's activities contribute to the databases used by the IPCC and is synthesized in its reports. As such, I felt it was important to participate in this unique, major international project,\" she says.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    C\u00e9line Guivarch's keen involvement in these issues has also led her to join the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) as the author of the report (known as AR6) on mitigation, as part of a community of 17 authors responsible for drafting a chapter that discusses climate change mitigation pathways compatible with long-term goals, i.e. the rate at which global emissions need to be reduced to meet the Paris Agreement target. \u201cLike the work of many laboratories around the world, CIRED's activities contribute to the databases used by the IPCC and is synthesized in its reports. As such, I felt it was important to participate in this unique, major international project,\" she says.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cScientifically speaking, this work is quite different,\" adds C\u00e9line Guivarch. \"For authors like me, it is not about producing knowledge, but about evaluating and synthesizing the state of science by pointing out areas of consensus, but also uncertainties\". An approach that requires a great deal of discussion between co-authors and experts registered by the IPCC. \u201cThe task is quite heavy with a lot of constraints, because we have to respond to all the comments which end up being made public. This is the price for providing full transparency and legitimacy to the process which, in its final stage, remains under the control of states,\" she says.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \u201cScientifically speaking, this work is quite different,\" adds C\u00e9line Guivarch. \"For authors like me, it is not about producing knowledge, but about evaluating and synthesizing the state of science by pointing out areas of consensus, but also uncertainties\". An approach that requires a great deal of discussion between co-authors and experts registered by the IPCC. \u201cThe task is quite heavy with a lot of constraints, because we have to respond to all the comments which end up being made public. This is the price for providing full transparency and legitimacy to the process which, in its final stage, remains under the control of states,\" she says.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    \u201cScientifically speaking, this work is quite different,\" adds C\u00e9line Guivarch. \"For authors like me, it is not about producing knowledge, but about evaluating and synthesizing the state of science by pointing out areas of consensus, but also uncertainties\". An approach that requires a great deal of discussion between co-authors and experts registered by the IPCC. \u201cThe task is quite heavy with a lot of constraints, because we have to respond to all the comments which end up being made public. This is the price for providing full transparency and legitimacy to the process which, in its final stage, remains under the control of states,\" she says.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    \u201cScientifically speaking, this work is quite different,\" adds C\u00e9line Guivarch. \"For authors like me, it is not about producing knowledge, but about evaluating and synthesizing the state of science by pointing out areas of consensus, but also uncertainties\". An approach that requires a great deal of discussion between co-authors and experts registered by the IPCC. \u201cThe task is quite heavy with a lot of constraints, because we have to respond to all the comments which end up being made public. This is the price for providing full transparency and legitimacy to the process which, in its final stage, remains under the control of states,\" she says.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Editor\u00a0\u2022 Pierre-Olivier Rouaud","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Editor \u2022 Pierre-Olivier Rouaud<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Editor \u2022 Pierre-Olivier Rouaud<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Editor \u2022 Pierre-Olivier Rouaud<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"medium-grey","align":"","content":"Text adapted from an article published in\u00a0Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Text adapted from an article published in Le Cahier des Ponts, N\u00b03, La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, May 2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""}],"seo":{"title":"Carte Blanche"},"media":{"img":"\"\"","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Cdp_Num3_Celine-Guivarch_bandeau.jpg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/carte-blanche_guivarch\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"C\u00e9line Guivarch","url":"\/en\/authors\/celine-guivarch\/","id":"1339","media":"\"\"","slug":"celine-guivarch"}],"subject":[{"title":"Energy, Ecology & Climate","url":"\/en\/subjects\/energy-ecology-climate\/","id":"937","media":"\"\"","slug":"energy-ecology-climate"}],"category":[{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[{"title":"Climate Change","url":"\/en\/folders\/climate-change\/","id":"4197","media":"\"\"","slug":"climate-change"},{"title":"Energy Transition","url":"\/en\/folders\/energy-transition\/","id":"4232","media":"\"\"","slug":"energy-transition"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/carte-blanche-a-celine-guivarch\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"5","custom_excerpt":"Assessing the long-term effect on our societies of energy and economic policies aimed at limiting climate change is the mission of C\u00e9line Guivarch, Director of Research at the International Center for Research on the Environment and Development (CIRED).<\/strong>","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2449"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8951,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2449\/revisions\/8951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=2449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}