{"id":3437,"date":"2023-03-14T08:49:22","date_gmt":"2023-03-14T07:49:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=3437"},"modified":"2025-07-29T15:39:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T13:39:00","slug":"plastic-pollution-from-macro-to-microplastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/plastic-pollution-from-macro-to-microplastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastic pollution: from macro to microplastics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"\"
\u00a9 Adobe Stock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Plastic pollution is at the center of international concerns and is a major environmental issue. Plastics cannot be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles and remain in the environment where they interact with ecosystems. Their impacts on the environment, although very real, are poorly known due to their great diversity. In the 1950s, the emergence of plastic marked the advent of the consumer society and it has gradually become a central material. With annual production rising by 4% each year (figure 1), it is a key marker of the Anthropocene and is emblematic of the \u201cgreat acceleration\u201d, in which all indicators, both socioeconomic (population, GDP, etc.) and physical (CO2<\/sub>, energy, metals, etc.) have followed exponential trends. Despite the constant emphasis on sustainable development and the circular economy, there is nothing to suggest that these trends will be curbed in the near future. The limits to growth presented in the 1972 Meadows report will naturally impose themselves in the resolution of this paradox.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World plastic production (including fibers) since 1950<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Source : Atlas du plastique 2020 \/ Geyer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Plastic in rivers, a major source of pollution at sea<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Around 1 million tonnes of macroplastics (> 5mm) are discharged into the sea each year by rivers. This is mainly packaging, with this sector alone accounting for nearly 40% of the plastics produced. Since most packaging is single use, it commonly ends up in the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This pollution mainly comes from the most populated countries with strong economic development but insufficient waste collection and treatment infrastructures, particularly in South-East Asia and, in the future, Africa (figure 2). Tropical hydrological systems characterized by alternating dry and rainy seasons exacerbate the transfer of plastic waste from urban areas to rivers and then the sea. In proportion to their basin size, small urban and coastal rivers contribute the most to global plastic pollution. The biggest sources of macroplastics at sea are no longer China and the large Yangtze River, but the Philippines and its multitude of small, highly populated coastal regions; 80% of the global plastic flows in the sea now come from more than 1,500 rivers, compared to 10 to 100 in previous models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From macroplastics to microplastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In Europe, macroplastic flows are estimated at about 5,000 t\/year, or about 10 g\/inhabitant\/year. This average, which is relatively low compared with global estimates, masks a high degree of heterogeneity between different European countries. Recent studies carried out at LEESU estimated that in France, these flows are between 1 and 10 g\/inhabitant\/yr. They also highlighted the highly irregular nature of the transfer of these plastics from upstream to downstream locations, particularly at the land-and-sea interface, i.e., estuaries, where plastics sometimes accumulate for decades and are repeatedly deposited and washed away along the shoreline and fragmented into secondary microplastics. Shoreline waste collection is consequently one of the best ways to remedy plastic pollution, but is also an excellent indicator of macroplastic river pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

High-surveillance monitoring of plastic waste <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To demonstrate their commitment to reducing plastic pollution, few local authorities have installed anti-macrowaste nets at the outlets of waste water systems flowing into waterways in order to catch macrowaste transported from urban networks. These measures help provide an estimate of macroplastic flows in proximity to human activities and allow them to be characterized more precisely than on riverbanks. Although by themselves such measures are not a solution given the large number of outlets across the country, they are a tool for monitoring diffuse macrowaste flows in the environment. They are also a unique opportunity to measure the impact of public policies for waste reduction, particularly single-use plastics such as packaging, wipes and tobacco products (the most common type of waste in urban waters).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In search of accurate data<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The DataPLAST analytical platform at LEESU is at the interface between operations and research and offers expertise on characterizing the captured flows for local authorities who install these nets. It is based on the European classification used on the coastline and riverbanks and allows data to be compared between different areas of the environment. It aims to inform local and national public policymakers by assessing the long-term impact of the  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) strategy in the involved economic sectors. These are based on the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle and transfer the cost of waste management to its producers. By including the management of so-called \u201cpoorly managed\u201d waste as one of their priorities and items for monitoring, they aim to finance the creation of indicators concerning the presence of macrowaste in the environment, such as the one offered by DataPLAST (currently the responsibility of local authorities). This funding may also promote the professionalization of stakeholders, help make approaches more sustainable, and address the homogeneity of the acquired data, in a context in which the objectives of the AGEC law (law no. 2020-105 of February 10, 2020, known as the Anti-Waste Law for a Circular Economy) concerning single-use plastics are set for 2040.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, D., C\u00f3zar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., Morales-Caselles, C., Bakiu, R., Barcel\u00f3, D., Bessa, F., Bruge, A., Cabrera, M., Castro-Jim\u00e9nez, J., Constant, M., Crosti, R., Galletti, Y., Kideys, A.E., Machitadze, N., Pereira de Brito, J., Pogojeva, M., Ratola, N., Rigueira, J., Rojo-Nieto, E., Savenko, O., Sch\u00f6neich-Argent, R.I., Siedlewicz, G., Suaria, G., Tourgeli, M., 2021. Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nat. Sustain. 4, 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-021-00722-6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meijer, L.J.J., Emmerik, T. van, Ent, R. van der, Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L., 2021. More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Sci. Adv. 7, eaaz5803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5803<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plastic pollution is at the center of international concerns and is a major environmental issue. Plastics cannot be incorporated into […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3271,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[937,124],"_related_content_author":[3440],"_related_content_category":[1720,1716],"_related_content_folder":[4199],"_excerpt":"Macroplastic waste from urban areas is transported by rivers and streams and fragments during its journey, creating secondary microplastics that are discharged into the sea. In order to stem this pollution, its sources and flows must be identified and the impacts of public policies must be evaluated.<\/strong>","_duration":4,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":""},"article-types":[27],"class_list":["post-3437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-folder"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":3270,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AdobeStock_259795667-1024x684.jpeg","alt":"","caption":null,"lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

\"\"
\u00a9 Adobe Stock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
\"\"
\u00a9 Adobe Stock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
\"\"
\u00a9 Adobe Stock<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Plastic pollution is at the center of international concerns and is a major environmental issue. Plastics cannot be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles and remain in the environment where they interact with ecosystems. Their impacts on the environment, although very real, are poorly known due to their great diversity. In the 1950s, the emergence of plastic marked the advent of the consumer society and it has gradually become a central material. With annual production rising by 4% each year (figure 1), it is a key marker of the Anthropocene and is emblematic of the \u201cgreat acceleration\u201d, in which all indicators, both socioeconomic (population, GDP, etc.) and physical (CO2<\/sub>, energy, metals, etc.) have followed exponential trends. Despite the constant emphasis on sustainable development and the circular economy, there is nothing to suggest that these trends will be curbed in the near future. The limits to growth presented in the 1972 Meadows report will naturally impose themselves in the resolution of this paradox.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Plastic pollution is at the center of international concerns and is a major environmental issue. Plastics cannot be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles and remain in the environment where they interact with ecosystems. Their impacts on the environment, although very real, are poorly known due to their great diversity. In the 1950s, the emergence of plastic marked the advent of the consumer society and it has gradually become a central material. With annual production rising by 4% each year (figure 1), it is a key marker of the Anthropocene and is emblematic of the \u201cgreat acceleration\u201d, in which all indicators, both socioeconomic (population, GDP, etc.) and physical (CO2<\/sub>, energy, metals, etc.) have followed exponential trends. Despite the constant emphasis on sustainable development and the circular economy, there is nothing to suggest that these trends will be curbed in the near future. The limits to growth presented in the 1972 Meadows report will naturally impose themselves in the resolution of this paradox.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Plastic pollution is at the center of international concerns and is a major environmental issue. Plastics cannot be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles and remain in the environment where they interact with ecosystems. Their impacts on the environment, although very real, are poorly known due to their great diversity. In the 1950s, the emergence of plastic marked the advent of the consumer society and it has gradually become a central material. With annual production rising by 4% each year (figure 1), it is a key marker of the Anthropocene and is emblematic of the \u201cgreat acceleration\u201d, in which all indicators, both socioeconomic (population, GDP, etc.) and physical (CO2<\/sub>, energy, metals, etc.) have followed exponential trends. Despite the constant emphasis on sustainable development and the circular economy, there is nothing to suggest that these trends will be curbed in the near future. The limits to growth presented in the 1972 Meadows report will naturally impose themselves in the resolution of this paradox.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"level":3,"textColor":"medium-grey","textAlign":"","content":null,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-medium-grey-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

World plastic production (including fibers) since 1950<\/h3>\n","innerContent":["\n

World plastic production (including fibers) since 1950<\/h3>\n"],"rendered":"\n

World plastic production (including fibers) since 1950<\/h3>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":3275,"width":"498px","height":"511px","sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","align":"center","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023_ingenius_tramoy_figure1-1.png","alt":"","caption":null,"lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n
\"\"
Source : Atlas du plastique 2020 \/ Geyer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
\"\"
Source : Atlas du plastique 2020 \/ Geyer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Source : Atlas du plastique 2020 \/ Geyer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Plastic in rivers, a major source of pollution at sea<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

Plastic in rivers, a major source of pollution at sea<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Plastic in rivers, a major source of pollution at sea<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Around 1 million tonnes of macroplastics (> 5mm) are discharged into the sea each year by rivers. This is mainly packaging, with this sector alone accounting for nearly 40% of the plastics produced. Since most packaging is single use, it commonly ends up in the environment.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Around 1 million tonnes of macroplastics (> 5mm) are discharged into the sea each year by rivers. This is mainly packaging, with this sector alone accounting for nearly 40% of the plastics produced. Since most packaging is single use, it commonly ends up in the environment.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

Around 1 million tonnes of macroplastics (> 5mm) are discharged into the sea each year by rivers. This is mainly packaging, with this sector alone accounting for nearly 40% of the plastics produced. Since most packaging is single use, it commonly ends up in the environment.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

This pollution mainly comes from the most populated countries with strong economic development but insufficient waste collection and treatment infrastructures, particularly in South-East Asia and, in the future, Africa (figure 2). Tropical hydrological systems characterized by alternating dry and rainy seasons exacerbate the transfer of plastic waste from urban areas to rivers and then the sea. In proportion to their basin size, small urban and coastal rivers contribute the most to global plastic pollution. The biggest sources of macroplastics at sea are no longer China and the large Yangtze River, but the Philippines and its multitude of small, highly populated coastal regions; 80% of the global plastic flows in the sea now come from more than 1,500 rivers, compared to 10 to 100 in previous models.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

This pollution mainly comes from the most populated countries with strong economic development but insufficient waste collection and treatment infrastructures, particularly in South-East Asia and, in the future, Africa (figure 2). Tropical hydrological systems characterized by alternating dry and rainy seasons exacerbate the transfer of plastic waste from urban areas to rivers and then the sea. In proportion to their basin size, small urban and coastal rivers contribute the most to global plastic pollution. The biggest sources of macroplastics at sea are no longer China and the large Yangtze River, but the Philippines and its multitude of small, highly populated coastal regions; 80% of the global plastic flows in the sea now come from more than 1,500 rivers, compared to 10 to 100 in previous models.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

This pollution mainly comes from the most populated countries with strong economic development but insufficient waste collection and treatment infrastructures, particularly in South-East Asia and, in the future, Africa (figure 2). Tropical hydrological systems characterized by alternating dry and rainy seasons exacerbate the transfer of plastic waste from urban areas to rivers and then the sea. In proportion to their basin size, small urban and coastal rivers contribute the most to global plastic pollution. The biggest sources of macroplastics at sea are no longer China and the large Yangtze River, but the Philippines and its multitude of small, highly populated coastal regions; 80% of the global plastic flows in the sea now come from more than 1,500 rivers, compared to 10 to 100 in previous models.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

From macroplastics to microplastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

From macroplastics to microplastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

From macroplastics to microplastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

In Europe, macroplastic flows are estimated at about 5,000 t\/year, or about 10 g\/inhabitant\/year. This average, which is relatively low compared with global estimates, masks a high degree of heterogeneity between different European countries. Recent studies carried out at LEESU estimated that in France, these flows are between 1 and 10 g\/inhabitant\/yr. They also highlighted the highly irregular nature of the transfer of these plastics from upstream to downstream locations, particularly at the land-and-sea interface, i.e., estuaries, where plastics sometimes accumulate for decades and are repeatedly deposited and washed away along the shoreline and fragmented into secondary microplastics. Shoreline waste collection is consequently one of the best ways to remedy plastic pollution, but is also an excellent indicator of macroplastic river pollution.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

In Europe, macroplastic flows are estimated at about 5,000 t\/year, or about 10 g\/inhabitant\/year. This average, which is relatively low compared with global estimates, masks a high degree of heterogeneity between different European countries. Recent studies carried out at LEESU estimated that in France, these flows are between 1 and 10 g\/inhabitant\/yr. They also highlighted the highly irregular nature of the transfer of these plastics from upstream to downstream locations, particularly at the land-and-sea interface, i.e., estuaries, where plastics sometimes accumulate for decades and are repeatedly deposited and washed away along the shoreline and fragmented into secondary microplastics. Shoreline waste collection is consequently one of the best ways to remedy plastic pollution, but is also an excellent indicator of macroplastic river pollution.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

In Europe, macroplastic flows are estimated at about 5,000 t\/year, or about 10 g\/inhabitant\/year. This average, which is relatively low compared with global estimates, masks a high degree of heterogeneity between different European countries. Recent studies carried out at LEESU estimated that in France, these flows are between 1 and 10 g\/inhabitant\/yr. They also highlighted the highly irregular nature of the transfer of these plastics from upstream to downstream locations, particularly at the land-and-sea interface, i.e., estuaries, where plastics sometimes accumulate for decades and are repeatedly deposited and washed away along the shoreline and fragmented into secondary microplastics. Shoreline waste collection is consequently one of the best ways to remedy plastic pollution, but is also an excellent indicator of macroplastic river pollution.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

High-surveillance monitoring of plastic waste <\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

High-surveillance monitoring of plastic waste <\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

High-surveillance monitoring of plastic waste <\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

To demonstrate their commitment to reducing plastic pollution, few local authorities have installed anti-macrowaste nets at the outlets of waste water systems flowing into waterways in order to catch macrowaste transported from urban networks. These measures help provide an estimate of macroplastic flows in proximity to human activities and allow them to be characterized more precisely than on riverbanks. Although by themselves such measures are not a solution given the large number of outlets across the country, they are a tool for monitoring diffuse macrowaste flows in the environment. They are also a unique opportunity to measure the impact of public policies for waste reduction, particularly single-use plastics such as packaging, wipes and tobacco products (the most common type of waste in urban waters).<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

To demonstrate their commitment to reducing plastic pollution, few local authorities have installed anti-macrowaste nets at the outlets of waste water systems flowing into waterways in order to catch macrowaste transported from urban networks. These measures help provide an estimate of macroplastic flows in proximity to human activities and allow them to be characterized more precisely than on riverbanks. Although by themselves such measures are not a solution given the large number of outlets across the country, they are a tool for monitoring diffuse macrowaste flows in the environment. They are also a unique opportunity to measure the impact of public policies for waste reduction, particularly single-use plastics such as packaging, wipes and tobacco products (the most common type of waste in urban waters).<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

To demonstrate their commitment to reducing plastic pollution, few local authorities have installed anti-macrowaste nets at the outlets of waste water systems flowing into waterways in order to catch macrowaste transported from urban networks. These measures help provide an estimate of macroplastic flows in proximity to human activities and allow them to be characterized more precisely than on riverbanks. Although by themselves such measures are not a solution given the large number of outlets across the country, they are a tool for monitoring diffuse macrowaste flows in the environment. They are also a unique opportunity to measure the impact of public policies for waste reduction, particularly single-use plastics such as packaging, wipes and tobacco products (the most common type of waste in urban waters).<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

In search of accurate data<\/strong><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

In search of accurate data<\/strong><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

In search of accurate data<\/strong><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

The DataPLAST analytical platform at LEESU is at the interface between operations and research and offers expertise on characterizing the captured flows for local authorities who install these nets. It is based on the European classification used on the coastline and riverbanks and allows data to be compared between different areas of the environment. It aims to inform local and national public policymakers by assessing the long-term impact of the  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) strategy in the involved economic sectors. These are based on the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle and transfer the cost of waste management to its producers. By including the management of so-called \u201cpoorly managed\u201d waste as one of their priorities and items for monitoring, they aim to finance the creation of indicators concerning the presence of macrowaste in the environment, such as the one offered by DataPLAST (currently the responsibility of local authorities). This funding may also promote the professionalization of stakeholders, help make approaches more sustainable, and address the homogeneity of the acquired data, in a context in which the objectives of the AGEC law (law no. 2020-105 of February 10, 2020, known as the Anti-Waste Law for a Circular Economy) concerning single-use plastics are set for 2040.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

The DataPLAST analytical platform at LEESU is at the interface between operations and research and offers expertise on characterizing the captured flows for local authorities who install these nets. It is based on the European classification used on the coastline and riverbanks and allows data to be compared between different areas of the environment. It aims to inform local and national public policymakers by assessing the long-term impact of the  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) strategy in the involved economic sectors. These are based on the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle and transfer the cost of waste management to its producers. By including the management of so-called \u201cpoorly managed\u201d waste as one of their priorities and items for monitoring, they aim to finance the creation of indicators concerning the presence of macrowaste in the environment, such as the one offered by DataPLAST (currently the responsibility of local authorities). This funding may also promote the professionalization of stakeholders, help make approaches more sustainable, and address the homogeneity of the acquired data, in a context in which the objectives of the AGEC law (law no. 2020-105 of February 10, 2020, known as the Anti-Waste Law for a Circular Economy) concerning single-use plastics are set for 2040.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

The DataPLAST analytical platform at LEESU is at the interface between operations and research and offers expertise on characterizing the captured flows for local authorities who install these nets. It is based on the European classification used on the coastline and riverbanks and allows data to be compared between different areas of the environment. It aims to inform local and national public policymakers by assessing the long-term impact of the  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) strategy in the involved economic sectors. These are based on the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle and transfer the cost of waste management to its producers. By including the management of so-called \u201cpoorly managed\u201d waste as one of their priorities and items for monitoring, they aim to finance the creation of indicators concerning the presence of macrowaste in the environment, such as the one offered by DataPLAST (currently the responsibility of local authorities). This funding may also promote the professionalization of stakeholders, help make approaches more sustainable, and address the homogeneity of the acquired data, in a context in which the objectives of the AGEC law (law no. 2020-105 of February 10, 2020, known as the Anti-Waste Law for a Circular Economy) concerning single-use plastics are set for 2040.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"enpc\/accordion","attrs":{"title":"SOURCES","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-enpc-accordion","style":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, D., C\u00f3zar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., Morales-Caselles, C., Bakiu, R., Barcel\u00f3, D., Bessa, F., Bruge, A., Cabrera, M., Castro-Jim\u00e9nez, J., Constant, M., Crosti, R., Galletti, Y., Kideys, A.E., Machitadze, N., Pereira de Brito, J., Pogojeva, M., Ratola, N., Rigueira, J., Rojo-Nieto, E., Savenko, O., Sch\u00f6neich-Argent, R.I., Siedlewicz, G., Suaria, G., Tourgeli, M., 2021. Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nat. Sustain. 4, 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-021-00722-6<\/a><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, D., C\u00f3zar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., Morales-Caselles, C., Bakiu, R., Barcel\u00f3, D., Bessa, F., Bruge, A., Cabrera, M., Castro-Jim\u00e9nez, J., Constant, M., Crosti, R., Galletti, Y., Kideys, A.E., Machitadze, N., Pereira de Brito, J., Pogojeva, M., Ratola, N., Rigueira, J., Rojo-Nieto, E., Savenko, O., Sch\u00f6neich-Argent, R.I., Siedlewicz, G., Suaria, G., Tourgeli, M., 2021. Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nat. Sustain. 4, 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-021-00722-6<\/a><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

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Meijer, L.J.J., Emmerik, T. van, Ent, R. van der, Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L., 2021. More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Sci. Adv. 7, eaaz5803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5803<\/a><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

Meijer, L.J.J., Emmerik, T. van, Ent, R. van der, Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L., 2021. More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Sci. Adv. 7, eaaz5803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5803<\/a><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

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Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, D., C\u00f3zar, A., Hanke, G., Viejo, J., Morales-Caselles, C., Bakiu, R., Barcel\u00f3, D., Bessa, F., Bruge, A., Cabrera, M., Castro-Jim\u00e9nez, J., Constant, M., Crosti, R., Galletti, Y., Kideys, A.E., Machitadze, N., Pereira de Brito, J., Pogojeva, M., Ratola, N., Rigueira, J., Rojo-Nieto, E., Savenko, O., Sch\u00f6neich-Argent, R.I., Siedlewicz, G., Suaria, G., Tourgeli, M., 2021. Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean. Nat. Sustain. 4, 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-021-00722-6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meijer, L.J.J., Emmerik, T. van, Ent, R. van der, Schmidt, C., Lebreton, L., 2021. More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Sci. Adv. 7, eaaz5803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaz5803<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n"}],"seo":{"title":"Plastic pollution: from macro to microplastics"},"media":{"img":"\"\"","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/AdobeStock_259795667-scaled.jpeg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/plastic-pollution-from-macro-to-microplastics\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Romain Tramoy","url":"\/en\/authors\/romain-tramoy\/","id":"3440","media":"\"\"","slug":"romain-tramoy"}],"subject":[{"title":"Energy, Ecology & Climate","url":"\/en\/subjects\/energy-ecology-climate\/","id":"937","media":"\"\"","slug":"energy-ecology-climate"},{"title":"Economics & Society","url":"\/en\/subjects\/economics-society\/","id":"124","media":"\"\"","slug":"economics-society"}],"category":[{"title":"Article collection","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/dossier\/","id":"1720","media":"","slug":"dossier","_related_post_type":"folder"},{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[{"title":"Plastic Pollution","url":"\/en\/folders\/plastic-pollution\/","id":"4199","media":"\"\"","slug":"plastic-pollution"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/pollution-plastique-des-macro-aux-microplastiques\/","icon":"icon-folder","duration":"4","custom_excerpt":"Macroplastic waste from urban areas is transported by rivers and streams and fragments during its journey, creating secondary microplastics that are discharged into the sea. In order to stem this pollution, its sources and flows must be identified and the impacts of public policies must be evaluated.<\/strong>","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3437"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8966,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3437\/revisions\/8966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=3437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}