{"id":5624,"date":"2024-04-24T12:11:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-24T10:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=5624"},"modified":"2025-07-29T16:07:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T14:07:35","slug":"numerical-simulation-for-co2-storage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/numerical-simulation-for-co2-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Numerical simulation for CO2 storage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

What is the background to this research project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical tools available to predict the flow of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), within the subsoil and especially in aquifers1<\/a><\/sup>, still fall far short of providing satisfactory answers from an operational standpoint. This was highlighted at a colloquium held last February2<\/a><\/sup>, at which a number of European speakers discussed the challenges of using numerical simulation to predict this type of flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A highly instructive example is the \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. This two-dimensional model mimics an arrangement of geological layers into which CO2<\/sub> is injected. Colored markers are used to illustrate the diffusion of the gas. Several research groups were asked to perform numerical predictions of the behavior of the gas and check whether the simulations matched the experiments. The findings were quite clear:  the results of the numerical simulations still differed substantially from the experimental results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. Photos taken at the SIAM Conference on Mathematical & Computational Issues in the Geosciences, June 2023, Bergen<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How do you explain this ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The underlying physical processes are not always fully understood. This experiment has clearly highlighted the importance of CO2<\/sub> advection in aquifers. The same phenomenon is observed when ink is poured into a glass of water: as it rises and falls, a mixture is gradually formed. Much work still needs to be done on the development of reliable numerical simulations; all the more so given the considerable uncertainties that surround the geomechanical properties of soils, which affect the accuracy of numerical results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is the innovative aspect of this thesis project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, more reliable and precise models enable us to predict CO2<\/sub> diffusion more accurately on the basis of certain physical properties of the subsoil. However, the underlying standard numerical simulation codes developed by IFPEN and its collaborators are extremely costly in terms of computing time and require the calibration of numerous parameters whose values are not always precisely known. The aim of the thesis3<\/a><\/sup> is to develop simulation codes that will enable us to obtain high-quality approximations of the resolution of these problems in a much shorter simulation time. We plan to use neural network techniques to build a reduced model, with the guarantee of obtaining high-quality numerical approximations. To this end, the numerical method envisaged will be based on a physically informed neural network (PINN)-based approach, which has the immense advantage of not requiring the use of a large database to pre-train the network, combined with \u201cgreedy algorithms\u201d, which control the reliability of the numerical approximation obtained. The numerical method envisaged can be considered as what is known in applied mathematics as a \u201cGalerkin\u201d method, which facilitates the quantification of the numerical solution’s approximation errors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this project, you will be focusing on fractured porous media. What are their characteristics ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A porous medium is a rock formation containing a multitude of small pores through which gases can pass. The diffusion properties of CO2<\/sub> in this type of material are somewhat peculiar and are represented by a specific type of equation. Within the various layers, there may also be fractures in the rock into which CO2<\/sub> may seep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What field data do you require ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We take account of rock properties (porosity, the coefficient in the behavior laws governing flow, the position of geological strata) and the geometry of the fracture network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conventional model-reduction techniques are not very effective on this type of medium, notably due to the influence of this fracture network. We hope that these new techniques, based on neural networks, will enable us to make further progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How will you proceed ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This will be carried out in two stages. First of all, we’ll be working with artificial data to validate the methodology and the construction of the simulation. Then, the idea is to work with real data supplied by colleagues at IFP Energies Nouvelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What problems are encountered with underground CO\u00b2 storage ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A diverse range of problems were observed and presented at the colloquium. For example, when CO2<\/sub> is injected, the subsoil can swell to a point at which there is a macroscopic change in state, with repercussions over great distances. We need to be sure that we can manage these situations and assess the impact on the surrounding areas. Leaks may also occur. A colleague recounted how walkers heard a leak at an old oil well into which CO2<\/sub> had been injected a few months earlier. There may also be uncertainties about the chemical reactions between CO2<\/sub> and the cement in oil wells, and also with the soil. We therefore need to be able to control what happens in the ground over the lifetime of the storage facility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do the modeling of physical phenomena, experimentation and digital simulation complement each other ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is impossible to predict how CO2<\/sub> will behave in an actual full-scale well without numerical simulation; just as before constructing a building, it is essential to certify that it has been properly designed to withstand certain conditions. This is all done with digital simulation!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We work hand in hand with the modelers, constantly toing and froing between the modeling of physical phenomena and the performance of numerical simulations in order to validate the models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These issues are also being addressed at the Navier laboratory4<\/a><\/sup>, where research into the mechanics and physics of materials applied to energy is conducted. I believe that the research teams have a decisive role to play, as they possess extraordinary expertise at international level in CO2<\/sub> diffusion and storage. And there is still so much more to understand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interview by Ad\u00e8le Mazurek, Science Communicator at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

  1. A water-impregnated geological formation forming a layer at the base of an oil deposit. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Colloquium entitled \u201cWorkshop on the mathematical and numerical modeling of CO2 storage\u201d,<\/em> from January 31 to February 2, 2024, with researchers from the French National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria), IFP \u00c9nergies nouvelles (IFPEN) and \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Thesis supervised by Virginie Ehrlacher, to be started by Sofiane Ezzehi, a third-year student at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es, in September 2024. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. A joint research unit of the \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es (ENPC), Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), located in Cit\u00e9 Descartes at Marne\u2011\u2011la Vall\u00e9e. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    What is the background to this research project ? This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5625,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[690],"_related_content_author":[5642],"_related_content_category":[1720],"_related_content_folder":[5308],"_excerpt":"In a context of energy transition, the underground storage of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide seems a promising solution. Virginie Ehrlacher, a researcher at the Research Center in Mathematics and Scientific Computing (CERMICS), tells us about a thesis project that will develop the most predictive and effective numerical simulation tools possible for understanding the diffusion of carbon dioxide within the subsoil, with a view to its underground storage.<\/strong>
    ","_duration":4,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"A water-impregnated geological formation forming a layer at the base of an oil deposit.\",\"id\":\"d6fcaf8d-7f83-451c-96bf-a56cf1165a07\"},{\"content\":\"Colloquium entitled \u201cWorkshop on the mathematical and numerical modeling of CO2 storage\u201d,<\/em> from January 31 to February 2, 2024, with researchers from the French National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria), IFP \u00c9nergies nouvelles (IFPEN) and \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es.\",\"id\":\"ec352ee9-2c09-4409-b2c1-206af4574696\"},{\"content\":\"Thesis supervised by Virginie Ehrlacher, to be started by Sofiane Ezzehi, a third-year student at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es, in September 2024.\",\"id\":\"2a6810f0-bf51-49f4-80e0-72a88f66ad05\"},{\"content\":\"A joint research unit of the \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es (ENPC), Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel and the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), located in Cit\u00e9 Descartes at Marne\u2011\u2011la Vall\u00e9e.\",\"id\":\"854089f5-d66c-483d-a863-4c20faa741fb\"}]"},"article-types":[13,27],"class_list":["post-5624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article","article-types-folder"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"What is the background to this research project ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    What is the background to this research project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    What is the background to this research project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    What is the background to this research project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical tools available to predict the flow of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), within the subsoil and especially in aquifers1, still fall far short of providing satisfactory answers from an operational standpoint. This was highlighted at a colloquium held last February2, at which a number of European speakers discussed the challenges of using numerical simulation to predict this type of flow.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical tools available to predict the flow of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), within the subsoil and especially in aquifers1<\/a><\/sup>, still fall far short of providing satisfactory answers from an operational standpoint. This was highlighted at a colloquium held last February2<\/a><\/sup>, at which a number of European speakers discussed the challenges of using numerical simulation to predict this type of flow.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical tools available to predict the flow of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), within the subsoil and especially in aquifers1<\/a><\/sup>, still fall far short of providing satisfactory answers from an operational standpoint. This was highlighted at a colloquium held last February2<\/a><\/sup>, at which a number of European speakers discussed the challenges of using numerical simulation to predict this type of flow.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    This project originated from the observation that, at present, the numerical tools available to predict the flow of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>), within the subsoil and especially in aquifers1<\/a><\/sup>, still fall far short of providing satisfactory answers from an operational standpoint. This was highlighted at a colloquium held last February2<\/a><\/sup>, at which a number of European speakers discussed the challenges of using numerical simulation to predict this type of flow.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"A highly instructive example is the \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. This two-dimensional model mimics an arrangement of geological layers into which CO2 is injected. Colored markers are used to illustrate the diffusion of the gas. Several research groups were asked to perform numerical predictions of the behavior of the gas and check whether the simulations matched the experiments. The findings were quite clear:\u00a0 the results of the numerical simulations still differed substantially from the experimental results.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    A highly instructive example is the \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. This two-dimensional model mimics an arrangement of geological layers into which CO2<\/sub> is injected. Colored markers are used to illustrate the diffusion of the gas. Several research groups were asked to perform numerical predictions of the behavior of the gas and check whether the simulations matched the experiments. The findings were quite clear:  the results of the numerical simulations still differed substantially from the experimental results.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    A highly instructive example is the \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. This two-dimensional model mimics an arrangement of geological layers into which CO2<\/sub> is injected. Colored markers are used to illustrate the diffusion of the gas. Several research groups were asked to perform numerical predictions of the behavior of the gas and check whether the simulations matched the experiments. The findings were quite clear:  the results of the numerical simulations still differed substantially from the experimental results.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    A highly instructive example is the \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. This two-dimensional model mimics an arrangement of geological layers into which CO2<\/sub> is injected. Colored markers are used to illustrate the diffusion of the gas. Several research groups were asked to perform numerical predictions of the behavior of the gas and check whether the simulations matched the experiments. The findings were quite clear:  the results of the numerical simulations still differed substantially from the experimental results.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":5625,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024_DDAP_outilsmediation-1-1024x576.jpg","alt":"","caption":"\u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. Photos taken at the SIAM Conference on Mathematical & Computational Issues in the Geosciences, June 2023, Bergen.","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-image size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"\"
    \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. Photos taken at the SIAM Conference on Mathematical & Computational Issues in the Geosciences, June 2023, Bergen<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"\"
    \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. Photos taken at the SIAM Conference on Mathematical & Computational Issues in the Geosciences, June 2023, Bergen<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"\"
    \u201cFluidFlower\u201d experimental model presented by Professor Jan Martin Nordbotten of the University of Bergen in Norway. Photos taken at the SIAM Conference on Mathematical & Computational Issues in the Geosciences, June 2023, Bergen<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"How do you explain this ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    How do you explain this ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    How do you explain this ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    How do you explain this ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The underlying physical processes are not always fully understood. This experiment has clearly highlighted the importance of CO2 advection in aquifers. The same phenomenon is observed when ink is poured into a glass of water: as it rises and falls, a mixture is gradually formed. Much work still needs to be done on the development of reliable numerical simulations; all the more so given the considerable uncertainties that surround the geomechanical properties of soils, which affect the accuracy of numerical results.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The underlying physical processes are not always fully understood. This experiment has clearly highlighted the importance of CO2<\/sub> advection in aquifers. The same phenomenon is observed when ink is poured into a glass of water: as it rises and falls, a mixture is gradually formed. Much work still needs to be done on the development of reliable numerical simulations; all the more so given the considerable uncertainties that surround the geomechanical properties of soils, which affect the accuracy of numerical results.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The underlying physical processes are not always fully understood. This experiment has clearly highlighted the importance of CO2<\/sub> advection in aquifers. The same phenomenon is observed when ink is poured into a glass of water: as it rises and falls, a mixture is gradually formed. Much work still needs to be done on the development of reliable numerical simulations; all the more so given the considerable uncertainties that surround the geomechanical properties of soils, which affect the accuracy of numerical results.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The underlying physical processes are not always fully understood. This experiment has clearly highlighted the importance of CO2<\/sub> advection in aquifers. The same phenomenon is observed when ink is poured into a glass of water: as it rises and falls, a mixture is gradually formed. Much work still needs to be done on the development of reliable numerical simulations; all the more so given the considerable uncertainties that surround the geomechanical properties of soils, which affect the accuracy of numerical results.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"What is the innovative aspect of this thesis project ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    What is the innovative aspect of this thesis project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    What is the innovative aspect of this thesis project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    What is the innovative aspect of this thesis project ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Today, more reliable and precise models enable us to predict CO2 diffusion more accurately on the basis of certain physical properties of the subsoil. However, the underlying standard numerical simulation codes developed by IFPEN and its collaborators are extremely costly in terms of computing time and require the calibration of numerous parameters whose values are not always precisely known. The aim of the thesis3 is to develop simulation codes that will enable us to obtain high-quality approximations of the resolution of these problems in a much shorter simulation time. We plan to use neural network techniques to build a reduced model, with the guarantee of obtaining high-quality numerical approximations. To this end, the numerical method envisaged will be based on a physically informed neural network (PINN)-based approach, which has the immense advantage of not requiring the use of a large database to pre-train the network, combined with \u201cgreedy algorithms\u201d, which control the reliability of the numerical approximation obtained. The numerical method envisaged can be considered as what is known in applied mathematics as a \u201cGalerkin\u201d method, which facilitates the quantification of the numerical solution's approximation errors.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Today, more reliable and precise models enable us to predict CO2<\/sub> diffusion more accurately on the basis of certain physical properties of the subsoil. However, the underlying standard numerical simulation codes developed by IFPEN and its collaborators are extremely costly in terms of computing time and require the calibration of numerous parameters whose values are not always precisely known. The aim of the thesis3<\/a><\/sup> is to develop simulation codes that will enable us to obtain high-quality approximations of the resolution of these problems in a much shorter simulation time. We plan to use neural network techniques to build a reduced model, with the guarantee of obtaining high-quality numerical approximations. To this end, the numerical method envisaged will be based on a physically informed neural network (PINN)-based approach, which has the immense advantage of not requiring the use of a large database to pre-train the network, combined with \u201cgreedy algorithms\u201d, which control the reliability of the numerical approximation obtained. The numerical method envisaged can be considered as what is known in applied mathematics as a \u201cGalerkin\u201d method, which facilitates the quantification of the numerical solution's approximation errors.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Today, more reliable and precise models enable us to predict CO2<\/sub> diffusion more accurately on the basis of certain physical properties of the subsoil. However, the underlying standard numerical simulation codes developed by IFPEN and its collaborators are extremely costly in terms of computing time and require the calibration of numerous parameters whose values are not always precisely known. The aim of the thesis3<\/a><\/sup> is to develop simulation codes that will enable us to obtain high-quality approximations of the resolution of these problems in a much shorter simulation time. We plan to use neural network techniques to build a reduced model, with the guarantee of obtaining high-quality numerical approximations. To this end, the numerical method envisaged will be based on a physically informed neural network (PINN)-based approach, which has the immense advantage of not requiring the use of a large database to pre-train the network, combined with \u201cgreedy algorithms\u201d, which control the reliability of the numerical approximation obtained. The numerical method envisaged can be considered as what is known in applied mathematics as a \u201cGalerkin\u201d method, which facilitates the quantification of the numerical solution's approximation errors.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Today, more reliable and precise models enable us to predict CO2<\/sub> diffusion more accurately on the basis of certain physical properties of the subsoil. However, the underlying standard numerical simulation codes developed by IFPEN and its collaborators are extremely costly in terms of computing time and require the calibration of numerous parameters whose values are not always precisely known. The aim of the thesis3<\/a><\/sup> is to develop simulation codes that will enable us to obtain high-quality approximations of the resolution of these problems in a much shorter simulation time. We plan to use neural network techniques to build a reduced model, with the guarantee of obtaining high-quality numerical approximations. To this end, the numerical method envisaged will be based on a physically informed neural network (PINN)-based approach, which has the immense advantage of not requiring the use of a large database to pre-train the network, combined with \u201cgreedy algorithms\u201d, which control the reliability of the numerical approximation obtained. The numerical method envisaged can be considered as what is known in applied mathematics as a \u201cGalerkin\u201d method, which facilitates the quantification of the numerical solution's approximation errors.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"In this project, you will be focusing on fractured porous media. What are their characteristics ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    In this project, you will be focusing on fractured porous media. What are their characteristics ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    In this project, you will be focusing on fractured porous media. What are their characteristics ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    In this project, you will be focusing on fractured porous media. What are their characteristics ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"A porous medium is a rock formation containing a multitude of small pores through which gases can pass. The diffusion properties of CO2 in this type of material are somewhat peculiar and are represented by a specific type of equation. Within the various layers, there may also be fractures in the rock into which CO2 may seep.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    A porous medium is a rock formation containing a multitude of small pores through which gases can pass. The diffusion properties of CO2<\/sub> in this type of material are somewhat peculiar and are represented by a specific type of equation. Within the various layers, there may also be fractures in the rock into which CO2<\/sub> may seep.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    A porous medium is a rock formation containing a multitude of small pores through which gases can pass. The diffusion properties of CO2<\/sub> in this type of material are somewhat peculiar and are represented by a specific type of equation. Within the various layers, there may also be fractures in the rock into which CO2<\/sub> may seep.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    A porous medium is a rock formation containing a multitude of small pores through which gases can pass. The diffusion properties of CO2<\/sub> in this type of material are somewhat peculiar and are represented by a specific type of equation. Within the various layers, there may also be fractures in the rock into which CO2<\/sub> may seep.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"What field data do you require ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    What field data do you require ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    What field data do you require ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    What field data do you require ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"We take account of rock properties (porosity, the coefficient in the behavior laws governing flow, the position of geological strata) and the geometry of the fracture network.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    We take account of rock properties (porosity, the coefficient in the behavior laws governing flow, the position of geological strata) and the geometry of the fracture network.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    We take account of rock properties (porosity, the coefficient in the behavior laws governing flow, the position of geological strata) and the geometry of the fracture network.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    We take account of rock properties (porosity, the coefficient in the behavior laws governing flow, the position of geological strata) and the geometry of the fracture network.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Conventional model-reduction techniques are not very effective on this type of medium, notably due to the influence of this fracture network. We hope that these new techniques, based on neural networks, will enable us to make further progress.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Conventional model-reduction techniques are not very effective on this type of medium, notably due to the influence of this fracture network. We hope that these new techniques, based on neural networks, will enable us to make further progress.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Conventional model-reduction techniques are not very effective on this type of medium, notably due to the influence of this fracture network. We hope that these new techniques, based on neural networks, will enable us to make further progress.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Conventional model-reduction techniques are not very effective on this type of medium, notably due to the influence of this fracture network. We hope that these new techniques, based on neural networks, will enable us to make further progress.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"How will you proceed ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    How will you proceed ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    How will you proceed ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    How will you proceed ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"This will be carried out in two stages. First of all, we'll be working with artificial data to validate the methodology and the construction of the simulation. Then, the idea is to work with real data supplied by colleagues at IFP Energies Nouvelles.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    This will be carried out in two stages. First of all, we'll be working with artificial data to validate the methodology and the construction of the simulation. Then, the idea is to work with real data supplied by colleagues at IFP Energies Nouvelles.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    This will be carried out in two stages. First of all, we'll be working with artificial data to validate the methodology and the construction of the simulation. Then, the idea is to work with real data supplied by colleagues at IFP Energies Nouvelles.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    This will be carried out in two stages. First of all, we'll be working with artificial data to validate the methodology and the construction of the simulation. Then, the idea is to work with real data supplied by colleagues at IFP Energies Nouvelles.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"What problems are encountered with underground CO\u00b2 storage ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    What problems are encountered with underground CO\u00b2 storage ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    What problems are encountered with underground CO\u00b2 storage ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    What problems are encountered with underground CO\u00b2 storage ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"A diverse range of problems were observed and presented at the colloquium. For example, when CO2 is injected, the subsoil can swell to a point at which there is a macroscopic change in state, with repercussions over great distances. We need to be sure that we can manage these situations and assess the impact on the surrounding areas. Leaks may also occur. A colleague recounted how walkers heard a leak at an old oil well into which CO2 had been injected a few months earlier. There may also be uncertainties about the chemical reactions between CO2 and the cement in oil wells, and also with the soil. We therefore need to be able to control what happens in the ground over the lifetime of the storage facility.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    A diverse range of problems were observed and presented at the colloquium. For example, when CO2<\/sub> is injected, the subsoil can swell to a point at which there is a macroscopic change in state, with repercussions over great distances. We need to be sure that we can manage these situations and assess the impact on the surrounding areas. Leaks may also occur. A colleague recounted how walkers heard a leak at an old oil well into which CO2<\/sub> had been injected a few months earlier. There may also be uncertainties about the chemical reactions between CO2<\/sub> and the cement in oil wells, and also with the soil. We therefore need to be able to control what happens in the ground over the lifetime of the storage facility.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    A diverse range of problems were observed and presented at the colloquium. For example, when CO2<\/sub> is injected, the subsoil can swell to a point at which there is a macroscopic change in state, with repercussions over great distances. We need to be sure that we can manage these situations and assess the impact on the surrounding areas. Leaks may also occur. A colleague recounted how walkers heard a leak at an old oil well into which CO2<\/sub> had been injected a few months earlier. There may also be uncertainties about the chemical reactions between CO2<\/sub> and the cement in oil wells, and also with the soil. We therefore need to be able to control what happens in the ground over the lifetime of the storage facility.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    A diverse range of problems were observed and presented at the colloquium. For example, when CO2<\/sub> is injected, the subsoil can swell to a point at which there is a macroscopic change in state, with repercussions over great distances. We need to be sure that we can manage these situations and assess the impact on the surrounding areas. Leaks may also occur. A colleague recounted how walkers heard a leak at an old oil well into which CO2<\/sub> had been injected a few months earlier. There may also be uncertainties about the chemical reactions between CO2<\/sub> and the cement in oil wells, and also with the soil. We therefore need to be able to control what happens in the ground over the lifetime of the storage facility.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"textColor":"red","align":"","content":"How do the modeling of physical phenomena, experimentation and digital simulation complement each other ?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color","style":"","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    How do the modeling of physical phenomena, experimentation and digital simulation complement each other ?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    How do the modeling of physical phenomena, experimentation and digital simulation complement each other ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    How do the modeling of physical phenomena, experimentation and digital simulation complement each other ?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"It is impossible to predict how CO2 will behave in an actual full-scale well without numerical simulation; just as before constructing a building, it is essential to certify that it has been properly designed to withstand certain conditions. This is all done with digital simulation!","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    It is impossible to predict how CO2<\/sub> will behave in an actual full-scale well without numerical simulation; just as before constructing a building, it is essential to certify that it has been properly designed to withstand certain conditions. This is all done with digital simulation!<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    It is impossible to predict how CO2<\/sub> will behave in an actual full-scale well without numerical simulation; just as before constructing a building, it is essential to certify that it has been properly designed to withstand certain conditions. This is all done with digital simulation!<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    It is impossible to predict how CO2<\/sub> will behave in an actual full-scale well without numerical simulation; just as before constructing a building, it is essential to certify that it has been properly designed to withstand certain conditions. This is all done with digital simulation!<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"We work hand in hand with the modelers, constantly toing and froing between the modeling of physical phenomena and the performance of numerical simulations in order to validate the models.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    We work hand in hand with the modelers, constantly toing and froing between the modeling of physical phenomena and the performance of numerical simulations in order to validate the models.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    We work hand in hand with the modelers, constantly toing and froing between the modeling of physical phenomena and the performance of numerical simulations in order to validate the models.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    We work hand in hand with the modelers, constantly toing and froing between the modeling of physical phenomena and the performance of numerical simulations in order to validate the models.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"These issues are also being addressed at the Navier laboratory4, where research into the mechanics and physics of materials applied to energy is conducted. I believe that the research teams have a decisive role to play, as they possess extraordinary expertise at international level in CO2 diffusion and storage. And there is still so much more to understand.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    These issues are also being addressed at the Navier laboratory4<\/a><\/sup>, where research into the mechanics and physics of materials applied to energy is conducted. I believe that the research teams have a decisive role to play, as they possess extraordinary expertise at international level in CO2<\/sub> diffusion and storage. And there is still so much more to understand.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    These issues are also being addressed at the Navier laboratory4<\/a><\/sup>, where research into the mechanics and physics of materials applied to energy is conducted. I believe that the research teams have a decisive role to play, as they possess extraordinary expertise at international level in CO2<\/sub> diffusion and storage. And there is still so much more to understand.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    These issues are also being addressed at the Navier laboratory4<\/a><\/sup>, where research into the mechanics and physics of materials applied to energy is conducted. I believe that the research teams have a decisive role to play, as they possess extraordinary expertise at international level in CO2<\/sub> diffusion and storage. And there is still so much more to understand.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    <\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    <\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"fontSize":"small","align":"","content":"Interview by Ad\u00e8le Mazurek, Science Communicator at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-small-font-size","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Interview by Ad\u00e8le Mazurek, Science Communicator at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es<\/em><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Interview by Ad\u00e8le Mazurek, Science Communicator at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es<\/em><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Interview by Ad\u00e8le Mazurek, Science Communicator at \u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es<\/em><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""}],"seo":{"title":"Numerical simulation for CO2 storage"},"media":{"img":"\"\"","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/2024_DDAP_outilsmediation-1.jpg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/numerical-simulation-for-co2-storage\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Virginie Ehrlacher","url":"\/en\/authors\/virginie-ehrlacher\/","id":"5642","media":"\"\"","slug":"virginie-ehrlacher"}],"subject":[{"title":"Digital Technology, Modeling & Artificial Intelligence","url":"\/en\/subjects\/digital-technology-modeling-artificial-intelligence\/","id":"690","media":"\"\"","slug":"digital-technology-modeling-artificial-intelligence"}],"category":[{"title":"Article collection","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/dossier\/","id":"1720","media":"","slug":"dossier","_related_post_type":"folder"}],"folder":[{"title":"Soil and subsoil for the energy transition","url":"\/en\/folders\/soil-and-subsoil-for-the-energy-transition\/","id":"5308","media":"\"\"","slug":"soil-and-subsoil-for-the-energy-transition"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/la-simulation-numerique-pour-le-stockage-du-c02\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"4","custom_excerpt":"In a context of energy transition, the underground storage of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide seems a promising solution. Virginie Ehrlacher, a researcher at the Research Center in Mathematics and Scientific Computing (CERMICS), tells us about a thesis project that will develop the most predictive and effective numerical simulation tools possible for understanding the diffusion of carbon dioxide within the subsoil, with a view to its underground storage.<\/strong>
    ","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5624"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8985,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5624\/revisions\/8985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=5624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}