{"id":7933,"date":"2025-03-17T13:55:19","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T12:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=7933"},"modified":"2025-03-17T13:55:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T12:55:20","slug":"off-site-construction-4-0-industrialization-to-tackle-transition-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/off-site-construction-4-0-industrialization-to-tackle-transition-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"Off-site construction 4.0 Industrialization to tackle transition issues"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"Assembly
Assembly of prefabricated cells. Credit: Terra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Faced with the urgent need to produce 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and the observation that we are stuggling, with only 15,000 renovations per year<\/a>, to hit our low-consumption building target (it would take centuries to pass the milestone with the current techniques and means!), testing new paths appears essential. The digital revolution provides off-site industrialization tools and technologies that the construction industry needs to get to grips with in order to build better and more, as well as reduce impacts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 1970s, the use of prefabrication was controversial; due to standardized architecture and mismanaged town planning, this construction technique became synonymous (sometimes wrongly) with poor quality. Not challenging this observation would nevertheless mean too quickly forgetting the invaluable services rendered over that period of housing crisis, thanks to the industrial techniques deployed and \u201ccrane tracks\u201d set up across every big city. The construction industry as a whole needs to tackle new emergencies: the housing crisis, renovation, energy and environmental transitions. Off-Site is essential as a solution that must not simply be renamed, but be reinvented with current industry 4.0 tools to be more sustainable and acceptable. Adopting updated off-site construction promises many benefits: reduced material consumption, better management of quality and lead times, and reduced difficulty. Indirectly, the development of prefabrication could have positive effects on the construction industry. Reduced difficulty and boosted productivity could actually make it more attractive in terms of employment, particularly for women, increasing the number of building energy renovation projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revolutionizing the construction industry: a strategic challenge for the future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Even though the industry is already responsible for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for 40% to 50% of the world\u2019s raw material consumption, it still needs to meet growing demand. The global urban population will probably hit 7 billion by 2050. At the same time, tensions over resources, energy, and materials are growing inexorably. In three years (2011-2013), China consumed more cement than the United States in the entire 20th century<\/a> outlining an exponential trend for the coming years. Despite this context, 84% of designers think that the priority is not economizing material, but rather ease of execution<\/a>. 40% of structural steels are currently overabundant for structural steel construction.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another challenge for the construction industry: recruitment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Due to the aging population, an unattractive image, recognized difficulty and danger (149 deadly occupational accidents in France in 2023<\/a>), there are many job vacancies. In France, 44% of managers face human resources (HR) issues1<\/a><\/sup>, rising as high as 70 to 88% in the construction and civil works industry. 57% even say they have had to refuse projects even though demand was growing, the construction and civil works industry should be able to recruit 40,000 extra people per year over coming years, which is quite simply impossible. The economic situation increases unease as many redundancies are expected (100,000 in 2024) over the coming years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Global stagnation of productivity since the 1950s2<\/a><\/sup><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Europe and Japan are staying strong with low growth or limited degrowth. But the United States, Italy and France are the developed economies that have dropped off most sharply. There is a lack of dynamism in terms of innovation, tools and techniques have remained roughly the same, and Research and Development (R&D) budgets in France are very low (less than 1% of turnover compared to 5 to 6% for the motor industry<\/a>).
How can the industry take account of environmental requirements in its model but also meet the urgence need to build 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and rehabilitate 7.2 million extremely poorly-insulated buildings<\/a>? l’urgence de construire 500 000 logements par an en France jusqu\u2019en 2040<\/a> et de r\u00e9habiliter 7,2 millions de passoires thermiques<\/a>[7]<\/a> ? In-depth reorganization of the industry is proving a must, requiring the ramping up of ongoing efforts in terms of organization, stakeholder interoperability, integration, lean management, and process industrialization. Overhauling the industrial model is therefore essential in order to improve construction productivity and quality. Accidents recorded in the construction industry cost \u20ac7.6 billion per year according to AQC (Agence Qualit\u00e9 Construction<\/em>, Construction Quality Agency), i.e., approximately 10% of businesses\u2019 turnover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drawing inspiration from practices in other industries and other countries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The digital revolution provides tools such as object-oriented programming, parametric design, robotization and cobotics3<\/a><\/sup> as well as imaging, finally enabling a genuinely DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) approach for construction and deconstruction.  Mass customization is now possible, consigning fears of excessive architectural standardization to the garbage heap. New motor vehicle production lines now operate with strictly limited stock, and produce \u201con demand\u201d to best satisfy customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 The off-site construction boom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Many initiatives are being developed in Japan, Asia, and the United States, but also Europe, particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden.  In France, this expertise is also showcased by the CFHF (Construire au Futur, Habiter le Futur<\/em>, i.e., building in the future, living in the future) association. Wood or combined wood\/steel small-scale housing solutions are being developed whether for 1D (structural element), 2D (panels) or 3D (modules) solutions with the goal of saving time, and increasing the quality and comfort of construction by doing light work in factories, leaving only assembly operations on site. It must also be kept in mind that in 2050, concrete will still be used in 80% of buildings<\/a>, meaning increased productivity will be possible only via major automation and digitalization<\/a>. For this material, though industrialization is already well underway (e.g., prestressed beams, pre-slabs or pre-walls), digital\u2019s contribution is more recent, but many initiatives have already been launched, particularly abroad, although in France concrete prefabricators are forerunners such as GA Smart Building<\/em> and partnerships between research laboratories and industries are also springing up, as new advanced calculation and fabrication tools are being developed at laboratories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ENPC\u2019s Build\u2019In<\/em> regional technological platform<\/a> explores prefabrication concepts integrating robotics, additive fabrication, digital twins, and data collection and storage in collaboration with industry. This type of platform is strategic to improve prefabrication processes, for the simple reason that anything that is not measured cannot be assessed or improved. The profession is starting to get organized, as demonstrated by the creation of a new association, Construction Hors-Site<\/em>. Featuring both public and parapublic stakeholders, business people and engineering firms, its goal is to develop rules, standards and a common methodology to improve the prefabrication process. Architects\u2019 position on Off-Site will also be decisive. Agencies such as A26, with over ten years’ experience in steel structural modules, are convinced of the utility of this new construction method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Off-site construction 4.0: a long road to maturity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The technological environment is ready, but inspires mistrust in France where the contributions of robotics and generative design4<\/a><\/sup> are very little explored even though they are providing fresh impetus abroad. Concrete additive fabrication with its estimated market of between $1.5 and 3.5 billion in 2022 is set to skyrocket to between 523 and 748 billion in 2030<\/a>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In France, XtreeE (CFHF member) provides world-renowned dual-component technology that has already been integrated into off-site construction plant projects (Spie-Batignolles). The limited number of connections with the world of research remains unfortunately regrettable, though initiatives of this kind exist worldwide, enabling significant technology gaps in terms of materials or processes. Like in Sweden, the government, local authorities, and industry, businesses, architects, engineers and researchers need to shake up their habits and ways of doing things. \u201cThe way in which buildings were to be produced was not really a focus during the real-estate development years. With this model, no industrialization is possible, plants need visibility and volume to progress,\u201d<\/em> stresses Pascal Chazal, creator in 1981 of Ossabois, a wooden construction firm, and now CEO of Hors-site group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Migration to a manufacturing production system that would adopt means, methods and technologies from other industries – which will enable better working conditions and improved gender equality \u2013 will not happen without changing the industry\u2019s business model, drawing inspiration from those who made these approaches economically viable and prosperous. The involvement of risk capital investors to support in-depth changes to the industry and certification and insurance organizations will be key for these new construction methods to be widely adopted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l’industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

  1. CPME survey of 1,153 VSB-SME managers, August 2022 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. The Boston Consulting Group, 2018 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Cobotics or collaborative robotics is the field of human-robot collaboration, i.e., a partnership between humans and robots to better perform a task. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Generative design enables the totally autonomous creation (iterative process, AI, etc.) of optimal designs based on a set of constraints.\u00a0 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Faced with the urgent need to produce 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040 and the observation that we […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[936],"_related_content_author":[4709],"_related_content_category":[1716],"_related_content_folder":[],"_excerpt":"Faced with housing challenges and the energy transition, one solution is a must: off-site construction.

    ","_duration":6,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"CPME survey of 1,153 VSB-SME managers, August 2022\",\"id\":\"57a9d4df-088f-4745-8f8a-e9ed38915599\"},{\"content\":\"The Boston Consulting Group, 2018\",\"id\":\"4307e8d5-5f27-4b22-9c15-bf81c4e44093\"},{\"content\":\"Cobotics or collaborative robotics is the field of human-robot collaboration, i.e., a partnership between humans and robots to better perform a task.\",\"id\":\"a60b7799-1f63-41d3-8787-c0312da3a693\"},{\"content\":\"Generative design enables the totally autonomous creation (iterative process, AI, etc.) of optimal designs based on a set of constraints.\u00a0\",\"id\":\"34ea4617-bed3-4499-bf1d-7aa0b088ccb9\"}]"},"article-types":[13],"class_list":["post-7933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":7846,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Montage-de-cellules-prefabriquees-Credit-Terra-1024x1013.jpg","alt":"Assembly of prefabricated cells. ","caption":null,"lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"Assembly
    Assembly of prefabricated cells. Credit: Terra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"Assembly
    Assembly of prefabricated cells. Credit: Terra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"Assembly
    Assembly of prefabricated cells. Credit: Terra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Faced with the urgent need to produce 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and the observation that we are stuggling, with only 15,000 renovations per year<\/a>, to hit our low-consumption building target (it would take centuries to pass the milestone with the current techniques and means!), testing new paths appears essential. The digital revolution provides off-site industrialization tools and technologies that the construction industry needs to get to grips with in order to build better and more, as well as reduce impacts.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Faced with the urgent need to produce 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and the observation that we are stuggling, with only 15,000 renovations per year<\/a>, to hit our low-consumption building target (it would take centuries to pass the milestone with the current techniques and means!), testing new paths appears essential. The digital revolution provides off-site industrialization tools and technologies that the construction industry needs to get to grips with in order to build better and more, as well as reduce impacts.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Faced with the urgent need to produce 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and the observation that we are stuggling, with only 15,000 renovations per year<\/a>, to hit our low-consumption building target (it would take centuries to pass the milestone with the current techniques and means!), testing new paths appears essential. The digital revolution provides off-site industrialization tools and technologies that the construction industry needs to get to grips with in order to build better and more, as well as reduce impacts.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    In the 1970s, the use of prefabrication was controversial; due to standardized architecture and mismanaged town planning, this construction technique became synonymous (sometimes wrongly) with poor quality. Not challenging this observation would nevertheless mean too quickly forgetting the invaluable services rendered over that period of housing crisis, thanks to the industrial techniques deployed and \u201ccrane tracks\u201d set up across every big city. The construction industry as a whole needs to tackle new emergencies: the housing crisis, renovation, energy and environmental transitions. Off-Site is essential as a solution that must not simply be renamed, but be reinvented with current industry 4.0 tools to be more sustainable and acceptable. Adopting updated off-site construction promises many benefits: reduced material consumption, better management of quality and lead times, and reduced difficulty. Indirectly, the development of prefabrication could have positive effects on the construction industry. Reduced difficulty and boosted productivity could actually make it more attractive in terms of employment, particularly for women, increasing the number of building energy renovation projects.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    In the 1970s, the use of prefabrication was controversial; due to standardized architecture and mismanaged town planning, this construction technique became synonymous (sometimes wrongly) with poor quality. Not challenging this observation would nevertheless mean too quickly forgetting the invaluable services rendered over that period of housing crisis, thanks to the industrial techniques deployed and \u201ccrane tracks\u201d set up across every big city. The construction industry as a whole needs to tackle new emergencies: the housing crisis, renovation, energy and environmental transitions. Off-Site is essential as a solution that must not simply be renamed, but be reinvented with current industry 4.0 tools to be more sustainable and acceptable. Adopting updated off-site construction promises many benefits: reduced material consumption, better management of quality and lead times, and reduced difficulty. Indirectly, the development of prefabrication could have positive effects on the construction industry. Reduced difficulty and boosted productivity could actually make it more attractive in terms of employment, particularly for women, increasing the number of building energy renovation projects.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    In the 1970s, the use of prefabrication was controversial; due to standardized architecture and mismanaged town planning, this construction technique became synonymous (sometimes wrongly) with poor quality. Not challenging this observation would nevertheless mean too quickly forgetting the invaluable services rendered over that period of housing crisis, thanks to the industrial techniques deployed and \u201ccrane tracks\u201d set up across every big city. The construction industry as a whole needs to tackle new emergencies: the housing crisis, renovation, energy and environmental transitions. Off-Site is essential as a solution that must not simply be renamed, but be reinvented with current industry 4.0 tools to be more sustainable and acceptable. Adopting updated off-site construction promises many benefits: reduced material consumption, better management of quality and lead times, and reduced difficulty. Indirectly, the development of prefabrication could have positive effects on the construction industry. Reduced difficulty and boosted productivity could actually make it more attractive in terms of employment, particularly for women, increasing the number of building energy renovation projects.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Revolutionizing the construction industry: a strategic challenge for the future<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Revolutionizing the construction industry: a strategic challenge for the future<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Revolutionizing the construction industry: a strategic challenge for the future<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Even though the industry is already responsible for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for 40% to 50% of the world\u2019s raw material consumption, it still needs to meet growing demand. The global urban population will probably hit 7 billion by 2050. At the same time, tensions over resources, energy, and materials are growing inexorably. In three years (2011-2013), China consumed more cement than the United States in the entire 20th century<\/a> outlining an exponential trend for the coming years. Despite this context, 84% of designers think that the priority is not economizing material, but rather ease of execution<\/a>. 40% of structural steels are currently overabundant for structural steel construction.<\/a><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Even though the industry is already responsible for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for 40% to 50% of the world\u2019s raw material consumption, it still needs to meet growing demand. The global urban population will probably hit 7 billion by 2050. At the same time, tensions over resources, energy, and materials are growing inexorably. In three years (2011-2013), China consumed more cement than the United States in the entire 20th century<\/a> outlining an exponential trend for the coming years. Despite this context, 84% of designers think that the priority is not economizing material, but rather ease of execution<\/a>. 40% of structural steels are currently overabundant for structural steel construction.<\/a><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Even though the industry is already responsible for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions and accounts for 40% to 50% of the world\u2019s raw material consumption, it still needs to meet growing demand. The global urban population will probably hit 7 billion by 2050. At the same time, tensions over resources, energy, and materials are growing inexorably. In three years (2011-2013), China consumed more cement than the United States in the entire 20th century<\/a> outlining an exponential trend for the coming years. Despite this context, 84% of designers think that the priority is not economizing material, but rather ease of execution<\/a>. 40% of structural steels are currently overabundant for structural steel construction.<\/a><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Another challenge for the construction industry: recruitment<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Another challenge for the construction industry: recruitment<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Another challenge for the construction industry: recruitment<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Due to the aging population, an unattractive image, recognized difficulty and danger (149 deadly occupational accidents in France in 2023<\/a>), there are many job vacancies. In France, 44% of managers face human resources (HR) issues1<\/a><\/sup>, rising as high as 70 to 88% in the construction and civil works industry. 57% even say they have had to refuse projects even though demand was growing, the construction and civil works industry should be able to recruit 40,000 extra people per year over coming years, which is quite simply impossible. The economic situation increases unease as many redundancies are expected (100,000 in 2024) over the coming years.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Due to the aging population, an unattractive image, recognized difficulty and danger (149 deadly occupational accidents in France in 2023<\/a>), there are many job vacancies. In France, 44% of managers face human resources (HR) issues1<\/a><\/sup>, rising as high as 70 to 88% in the construction and civil works industry. 57% even say they have had to refuse projects even though demand was growing, the construction and civil works industry should be able to recruit 40,000 extra people per year over coming years, which is quite simply impossible. The economic situation increases unease as many redundancies are expected (100,000 in 2024) over the coming years.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Due to the aging population, an unattractive image, recognized difficulty and danger (149 deadly occupational accidents in France in 2023<\/a>), there are many job vacancies. In France, 44% of managers face human resources (HR) issues1<\/a><\/sup>, rising as high as 70 to 88% in the construction and civil works industry. 57% even say they have had to refuse projects even though demand was growing, the construction and civil works industry should be able to recruit 40,000 extra people per year over coming years, which is quite simply impossible. The economic situation increases unease as many redundancies are expected (100,000 in 2024) over the coming years.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Global stagnation of productivity since the 1950s2<\/a><\/sup><\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Global stagnation of productivity since the 1950s2<\/a><\/sup><\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Global stagnation of productivity since the 1950s2<\/a><\/sup><\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Europe and Japan are staying strong with low growth or limited degrowth. But the United States, Italy and France are the developed economies that have dropped off most sharply. There is a lack of dynamism in terms of innovation, tools and techniques have remained roughly the same, and Research and Development (R&D) budgets in France are very low (less than 1% of turnover compared to 5 to 6% for the motor industry<\/a>).
    How can the industry take account of environmental requirements in its model but also meet     the urgence need to build 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and rehabilitate 7.2 million extremely poorly-insulated buildings<\/a>? l'urgence de construire 500 000 logements par an en France jusqu\u2019en 2040<\/a> et de r\u00e9habiliter 7,2 millions de passoires thermiques<\/a>[7]<\/a> ? In-depth reorganization of the industry is proving a must, requiring the ramping up of ongoing efforts in terms of organization, stakeholder interoperability, integration, lean management, and process industrialization. Overhauling the industrial model is therefore essential in order to improve construction productivity and quality. Accidents recorded in the construction industry cost \u20ac7.6 billion per year according to AQC (Agence Qualit\u00e9 Construction<\/em>, Construction Quality Agency), i.e., approximately 10% of businesses\u2019 turnover.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Europe and Japan are staying strong with low growth or limited degrowth. But the United States, Italy and France are the developed economies that have dropped off most sharply. There is a lack of dynamism in terms of innovation, tools and techniques have remained roughly the same, and Research and Development (R&D) budgets in France are very low (less than 1% of turnover compared to 5 to 6% for the motor industry<\/a>).
    How can the industry take account of environmental requirements in its model but also meet     the urgence need to build 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and rehabilitate 7.2 million extremely poorly-insulated buildings<\/a>? l'urgence de construire 500 000 logements par an en France jusqu\u2019en 2040<\/a> et de r\u00e9habiliter 7,2 millions de passoires thermiques<\/a>[7]<\/a> ? In-depth reorganization of the industry is proving a must, requiring the ramping up of ongoing efforts in terms of organization, stakeholder interoperability, integration, lean management, and process industrialization. Overhauling the industrial model is therefore essential in order to improve construction productivity and quality. Accidents recorded in the construction industry cost \u20ac7.6 billion per year according to AQC (Agence Qualit\u00e9 Construction<\/em>, Construction Quality Agency), i.e., approximately 10% of businesses\u2019 turnover.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Europe and Japan are staying strong with low growth or limited degrowth. But the United States, Italy and France are the developed economies that have dropped off most sharply. There is a lack of dynamism in terms of innovation, tools and techniques have remained roughly the same, and Research and Development (R&D) budgets in France are very low (less than 1% of turnover compared to 5 to 6% for the motor industry<\/a>).
    How can the industry take account of environmental requirements in its model but also meet     the urgence need to build 500,000 homes per year in France by 2040<\/a> and rehabilitate 7.2 million extremely poorly-insulated buildings<\/a>? l'urgence de construire 500 000 logements par an en France jusqu\u2019en 2040<\/a> et de r\u00e9habiliter 7,2 millions de passoires thermiques<\/a>[7]<\/a> ? In-depth reorganization of the industry is proving a must, requiring the ramping up of ongoing efforts in terms of organization, stakeholder interoperability, integration, lean management, and process industrialization. Overhauling the industrial model is therefore essential in order to improve construction productivity and quality. Accidents recorded in the construction industry cost \u20ac7.6 billion per year according to AQC (Agence Qualit\u00e9 Construction<\/em>, Construction Quality Agency), i.e., approximately 10% of businesses\u2019 turnover.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Drawing inspiration from practices in other industries and other countries<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Drawing inspiration from practices in other industries and other countries<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Drawing inspiration from practices in other industries and other countries<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The digital revolution provides tools such as object-oriented programming, parametric design, robotization and cobotics3<\/a><\/sup> as well as imaging, finally enabling a genuinely DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) approach for construction and deconstruction.  Mass customization is now possible, consigning fears of excessive architectural standardization to the garbage heap. New motor vehicle production lines now operate with strictly limited stock, and produce \u201con demand\u201d to best satisfy customers.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The digital revolution provides tools such as object-oriented programming, parametric design, robotization and cobotics3<\/a><\/sup> as well as imaging, finally enabling a genuinely DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) approach for construction and deconstruction.  Mass customization is now possible, consigning fears of excessive architectural standardization to the garbage heap. New motor vehicle production lines now operate with strictly limited stock, and produce \u201con demand\u201d to best satisfy customers.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The digital revolution provides tools such as object-oriented programming, parametric design, robotization and cobotics3<\/a><\/sup> as well as imaging, finally enabling a genuinely DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) approach for construction and deconstruction.  Mass customization is now possible, consigning fears of excessive architectural standardization to the garbage heap. New motor vehicle production lines now operate with strictly limited stock, and produce \u201con demand\u201d to best satisfy customers.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

     The off-site construction boom<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

     The off-site construction boom<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

     The off-site construction boom<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Many initiatives are being developed in Japan, Asia, and the United States, but also Europe, particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden.  In France, this expertise is also showcased by the CFHF (Construire au Futur, Habiter le Futur<\/em>, i.e., building in the future, living in the future) association. Wood or combined wood\/steel small-scale housing solutions are being developed whether for 1D (structural element), 2D (panels) or 3D (modules) solutions with the goal of saving time, and increasing the quality and comfort of construction by doing light work in factories, leaving only assembly operations on site. It must also be kept in mind that in 2050, concrete will still be used in 80% of buildings<\/a>, meaning increased productivity will be possible only via major automation and digitalization<\/a>. For this material, though industrialization is already well underway (e.g., prestressed beams, pre-slabs or pre-walls), digital\u2019s contribution is more recent, but many initiatives have already been launched, particularly abroad, although in France concrete prefabricators are forerunners such as GA Smart Building<\/em> and partnerships between research laboratories and industries are also springing up, as new advanced calculation and fabrication tools are being developed at laboratories.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Many initiatives are being developed in Japan, Asia, and the United States, but also Europe, particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden.  In France, this expertise is also showcased by the CFHF (Construire au Futur, Habiter le Futur<\/em>, i.e., building in the future, living in the future) association. Wood or combined wood\/steel small-scale housing solutions are being developed whether for 1D (structural element), 2D (panels) or 3D (modules) solutions with the goal of saving time, and increasing the quality and comfort of construction by doing light work in factories, leaving only assembly operations on site. It must also be kept in mind that in 2050, concrete will still be used in 80% of buildings<\/a>, meaning increased productivity will be possible only via major automation and digitalization<\/a>. For this material, though industrialization is already well underway (e.g., prestressed beams, pre-slabs or pre-walls), digital\u2019s contribution is more recent, but many initiatives have already been launched, particularly abroad, although in France concrete prefabricators are forerunners such as GA Smart Building<\/em> and partnerships between research laboratories and industries are also springing up, as new advanced calculation and fabrication tools are being developed at laboratories.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Many initiatives are being developed in Japan, Asia, and the United States, but also Europe, particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden.  In France, this expertise is also showcased by the CFHF (Construire au Futur, Habiter le Futur<\/em>, i.e., building in the future, living in the future) association. Wood or combined wood\/steel small-scale housing solutions are being developed whether for 1D (structural element), 2D (panels) or 3D (modules) solutions with the goal of saving time, and increasing the quality and comfort of construction by doing light work in factories, leaving only assembly operations on site. It must also be kept in mind that in 2050, concrete will still be used in 80% of buildings<\/a>, meaning increased productivity will be possible only via major automation and digitalization<\/a>. For this material, though industrialization is already well underway (e.g., prestressed beams, pre-slabs or pre-walls), digital\u2019s contribution is more recent, but many initiatives have already been launched, particularly abroad, although in France concrete prefabricators are forerunners such as GA Smart Building<\/em> and partnerships between research laboratories and industries are also springing up, as new advanced calculation and fabrication tools are being developed at laboratories.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    ENPC\u2019s Build\u2019In<\/em> regional technological platform<\/a> explores prefabrication concepts integrating robotics, additive fabrication, digital twins, and data collection and storage in collaboration with industry. This type of platform is strategic to improve prefabrication processes, for the simple reason that anything that is not measured cannot be assessed or improved. The profession is starting to get organized, as demonstrated by the creation of a new association, Construction Hors-Site<\/em>. Featuring both public and parapublic stakeholders, business people and engineering firms, its goal is to develop rules, standards and a common methodology to improve the prefabrication process. Architects\u2019 position on Off-Site will also be decisive. Agencies such as A26, with over ten years' experience in steel structural modules, are convinced of the utility of this new construction method.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    ENPC\u2019s Build\u2019In<\/em> regional technological platform<\/a> explores prefabrication concepts integrating robotics, additive fabrication, digital twins, and data collection and storage in collaboration with industry. This type of platform is strategic to improve prefabrication processes, for the simple reason that anything that is not measured cannot be assessed or improved. The profession is starting to get organized, as demonstrated by the creation of a new association, Construction Hors-Site<\/em>. Featuring both public and parapublic stakeholders, business people and engineering firms, its goal is to develop rules, standards and a common methodology to improve the prefabrication process. Architects\u2019 position on Off-Site will also be decisive. Agencies such as A26, with over ten years' experience in steel structural modules, are convinced of the utility of this new construction method.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    ENPC\u2019s Build\u2019In<\/em> regional technological platform<\/a> explores prefabrication concepts integrating robotics, additive fabrication, digital twins, and data collection and storage in collaboration with industry. This type of platform is strategic to improve prefabrication processes, for the simple reason that anything that is not measured cannot be assessed or improved. The profession is starting to get organized, as demonstrated by the creation of a new association, Construction Hors-Site<\/em>. Featuring both public and parapublic stakeholders, business people and engineering firms, its goal is to develop rules, standards and a common methodology to improve the prefabrication process. Architects\u2019 position on Off-Site will also be decisive. Agencies such as A26, with over ten years' experience in steel structural modules, are convinced of the utility of this new construction method.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":null,"level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Off-site construction 4.0: a long road to maturity<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Off-site construction 4.0: a long road to maturity<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Off-site construction 4.0: a long road to maturity<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The technological environment is ready, but inspires mistrust in France where the contributions of robotics and generative design4<\/a><\/sup> are very little explored even though they are providing fresh impetus abroad. Concrete additive fabrication with its estimated market of between $1.5 and 3.5 billion in 2022 is set to skyrocket to between 523 and 748 billion in 2030<\/a>!<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The technological environment is ready, but inspires mistrust in France where the contributions of robotics and generative design4<\/a><\/sup> are very little explored even though they are providing fresh impetus abroad. Concrete additive fabrication with its estimated market of between $1.5 and 3.5 billion in 2022 is set to skyrocket to between 523 and 748 billion in 2030<\/a>!<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The technological environment is ready, but inspires mistrust in France where the contributions of robotics and generative design4<\/a><\/sup> are very little explored even though they are providing fresh impetus abroad. Concrete additive fabrication with its estimated market of between $1.5 and 3.5 billion in 2022 is set to skyrocket to between 523 and 748 billion in 2030<\/a>!<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    In France, XtreeE (CFHF member) provides world-renowned dual-component technology that has already been integrated into off-site construction plant projects (Spie-Batignolles). The limited number of connections with the world of research remains unfortunately regrettable, though initiatives of this kind exist worldwide, enabling significant technology gaps in terms of materials or processes. Like in Sweden, the government, local authorities, and industry, businesses, architects, engineers and researchers need to shake up their habits and ways of doing things. \u201cThe way in which buildings were to be produced was not really a focus during the real-estate development years. With this model, no industrialization is possible, plants need visibility and volume to progress,\u201d<\/em> stresses Pascal Chazal, creator in 1981 of Ossabois, a wooden construction firm, and now CEO of Hors-site group.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    In France, XtreeE (CFHF member) provides world-renowned dual-component technology that has already been integrated into off-site construction plant projects (Spie-Batignolles). The limited number of connections with the world of research remains unfortunately regrettable, though initiatives of this kind exist worldwide, enabling significant technology gaps in terms of materials or processes. Like in Sweden, the government, local authorities, and industry, businesses, architects, engineers and researchers need to shake up their habits and ways of doing things. \u201cThe way in which buildings were to be produced was not really a focus during the real-estate development years. With this model, no industrialization is possible, plants need visibility and volume to progress,\u201d<\/em> stresses Pascal Chazal, creator in 1981 of Ossabois, a wooden construction firm, and now CEO of Hors-site group.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    In France, XtreeE (CFHF member) provides world-renowned dual-component technology that has already been integrated into off-site construction plant projects (Spie-Batignolles). The limited number of connections with the world of research remains unfortunately regrettable, though initiatives of this kind exist worldwide, enabling significant technology gaps in terms of materials or processes. Like in Sweden, the government, local authorities, and industry, businesses, architects, engineers and researchers need to shake up their habits and ways of doing things. \u201cThe way in which buildings were to be produced was not really a focus during the real-estate development years. With this model, no industrialization is possible, plants need visibility and volume to progress,\u201d<\/em> stresses Pascal Chazal, creator in 1981 of Ossabois, a wooden construction firm, and now CEO of Hors-site group.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Migration to a manufacturing production system that would adopt means, methods and technologies from other industries - which will enable better working conditions and improved gender equality \u2013 will not happen without changing the industry\u2019s business model, drawing inspiration from those who made these approaches economically viable and prosperous. The involvement of risk capital investors to support in-depth changes to the industry and certification and insurance organizations will be key for these new construction methods to be widely adopted.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Migration to a manufacturing production system that would adopt means, methods and technologies from other industries - which will enable better working conditions and improved gender equality \u2013 will not happen without changing the industry\u2019s business model, drawing inspiration from those who made these approaches economically viable and prosperous. The involvement of risk capital investors to support in-depth changes to the industry and certification and insurance organizations will be key for these new construction methods to be widely adopted.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Migration to a manufacturing production system that would adopt means, methods and technologies from other industries - which will enable better working conditions and improved gender equality \u2013 will not happen without changing the industry\u2019s business model, drawing inspiration from those who made these approaches economically viable and prosperous. The involvement of risk capital investors to support in-depth changes to the industry and certification and insurance organizations will be key for these new construction methods to be widely adopted.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/columns","attrs":{"verticalAlignment":"","isStackedOnMobile":true,"templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-columns","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/column","attrs":{"width":"100%","verticalAlignment":"","templateLock":null,"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-column","style":"flex-basis:100%","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","layout":[],"anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":7749,"width":"165px","height":"auto","sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","align":"left","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/2025_couv_note-tendance.png","alt":"","caption":null,"lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    <\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    <\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    <\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    <\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l'industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l'industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l'industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n
    ",null,"\n\n",null,"\n\n",null,"\n\n",null,"<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l'industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n"}],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/div>\n","innerContent":["\n
    ",null,"<\/div>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Article from the trend report Construction Hors-site 4.0. l'industrialisation, acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur de transitions.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""}],"seo":{"title":"Off-site construction 4.0 Industrialization to tackle transition issues"},"media":{"img":"\"Assembly","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Montage-de-cellules-prefabriquees-Credit-Terra-scaled.jpg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/off-site-construction-4-0-industrialization-to-tackle-transition-issues\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Caron","url":"\/en\/authors\/jean-francois-caron\/","id":"4709","media":"\"\"","slug":"jean-francois-caron"}],"subject":[{"title":"Cities, Urban planning & Construction","url":"\/en\/subjects\/cities-urban-planning-construction\/","id":"936","media":"\"\"","slug":"cities-urban-planning-construction"}],"category":[{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/construction-hors-site-4-0-lindustrialisation-au-service-des-enjeux-de-transition\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"6","custom_excerpt":"Faced with housing challenges and the energy transition, one solution is a must: off-site construction.

    ","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7933"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7948,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7933\/revisions\/7948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=7933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}