{"id":8353,"date":"2025-06-19T13:08:33","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=8353"},"modified":"2025-07-29T16:24:42","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T14:24:42","slug":"daily-mobility-through-the-prism-of-gender-and-anti-gypsyism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/daily-mobility-through-the-prism-of-gender-and-anti-gypsyism\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily mobility through the prism of gender and anti-Gypsyism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\"Bidonville
Slum in Saint-Denis, France. Credit : Flickr \/ Diego Bis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mobility is not neutral. Shaped by gender norms, the logic of exclusion and public policies 1<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>2<\/a><\/sup>, it is particularly limiting for women from stigmatized groups, such as Roma women in situations of residential vulnerability. Distanced from the labor market and faced with multiple forms of discrimination, these women\u2019s revenues are based primarily on informal economic activities, often executed in the public space. How do they cope with social, spatial and institutional constraints affecting their mobility on a daily basis, and circumvent the role assigned to them3<\/a><\/sup>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interview with Emma Peltier, postdoctoral researcher at the Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. Her thesis, carried out at the Laboratoire Ville Mobilit\u00e9 Transport (LVMT), is entitled De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab\u00a0roms\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. [From Margin to Margin: Mobility at the Center of \u201cRoma\u201d Women\u2019s Daily Lives].<\/em> Emma Peltier was awarded the special thesis prize by the \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in 2024. She was also the winner of the 2023 Paris-Est University thesis prize, and was nominated for the 2024 Thesis on the City Prize (PUCA and APERAU International).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To begin, tell us about the women you focused your research on. How did you enter into their reality?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I met most of them while taking part in a project organized by architecture students. Once the workshop had finished, I went back to see them. That\u2019s how the ethnography began. Ethnography is a qualitative method which consists in participating in people\u2019s daily lives. It differs from the method which involves carrying out face-to-face sociological interviews. While drawing on this methodological tool shaped by anthropology, I did not carry out a study of Roma culture, but a survey of their socio-spatial practices, i.e., daily movements. I spent two-and-a-half years forging close ties with some twenty women and teenagers, aged 12 to 45 years, living in slums on the outskirts of the Paris area. The vast majority of them come from rural regions of Romania. They are single or in a heterosexual relationship and are mothers of one or more children. They do not all identify as Roma, which is nevertheless how they are categorized by public authorities, charity groups and the media. This is why I used quotation marks when referring to \u201cRoma\u201d in my thesis. The common factor among all these women is that they are confronted with residential vulnerability and several forms of oppression, such as sexism and anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do the notions of anti-Gypsyism and margin help them to understand their paths and living conditions?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anti-Gypsyism is a systemic racism that targets Roma or Gypsy people. It manifests itself in discrimination and violence and thus impacts all aspects of people\u2019s daily lives, such as housing, employment, health or mobility 4<\/a><\/sup>. It is because of anti-Gypsyism that the women I met during the thesis had spent only a few years at school, and that few of them had obtained a diploma or worked in declared employment. It must be understood that slums are a manifestation of poor housing, which is primarily caused by which is anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The margin can be seen as a dual movement, \u201cas both that which is on the periphery and that which results from being sidelined\u201d5<\/a><\/sup>. The title of my thesis is inspired by a key afro-feminist work, From Margin to Center <\/em>6<\/a><\/sup>,<\/em> written by bell hooks in 1984 (and translated in 2017). In this book, the margin is seen as a space where specific norms and codes develop, away from and often in contradiction with the center. In this sense, the margin provides a privileged place of agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What role does the physical household play in the daily lives of these women and how do they organize their spaces?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The women I met live or had lived in slums. Slums consist in a grouping of shelters, self-built with recovered materials. They are not connected to water, sewage or electricity networks, and are located on illegally occupied land. This is why they are regularly evicted by public authorities. These evictions are sometimes accompanied by temporary accommodation in a welfare hotel. In very rare cases, a rehousing project is set up. It includes a mandatory stay in temporary accommodation, such as a social residence or a site equipped with prefab buildings (\u201cintegration villages\u201d). For all these reasons, women find themselves in a situation of residential vulnerability<\/em>, i.e., the location, occupation status and material aspects of their accommodation are inadequate or at risk 7<\/a><\/sup>. The living conditions in these various accommodation solutions differ. In hotels, visits are prohibited and the rooms are not equipped with kitchens, whereas in slums, women are free to cook and receive relatives as they wish. Residential vulnerability creates an instability which forces women to adapt to ever-changing domestic spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In what ways does living in a slum lead to a particular type of mobility? What challenges do the inhabitants face?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slums are often located far from public transport and urban amenities (shops, public services, or cultural and sports facilities, etc.). This thus implies long journeys on foot for the residents of the slum, and sometimes in areas little suited to walking (no sidewalk, fast traffic, a lack of pedestrian crossings, and so on). Furthermore, the particular nature of slums (little or no access to electricity and water) creates mobility needs unknown to the inhabitants of standard housing, such as searching for firewood, finding water, fuel for power generators, or daily grocery shopping due to the absence of a refrigerator. Added to these material constraints is the risk of racist attacks. Anti-Gypsyism has a spatial dimension which is embodied by intimidation and attacks. These forms of violence can also occur in the living space. Slums are not only a symbol of marginal and precarious habitat; they are also commonly associated with a stigmatized and racialized group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How does women\u2019s mobility differ from that of men? What forms of violence do they encounter when moving in the public space, and what strategies do they adopt to avoid them?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In my thesis, daily mobility is seen as a social practice which engages the body in space, and which depends on people\u2019s social position, travel modes, transport facilities and the spatialization of domination. My research explores mobility through the prism of two key systems of oppression: gender and anti-Gypsyism. In a similar manner to anti-Gypsyism, gender is a system which partitions and ranks the social world. Gender differentiates men and women by lending them hierarchical characteristics, roles and values. Women are associated with the domestic sphere. Their mobility is thus different to that of men. In addition to the racist violence that Roma men, or those perceived as such, experience, women are also subjected to gender-based violence and are responsible for mobile domestic work.<\/em> This term refers to \u201call the journeys related to the domestic sphere and care responsibilities\u201d 8<\/a><\/sup>. The strategies used by \u201cRoma\u201d women in slums to protect themselves from violence in the public space are not especially different to those of other women: they go out accompanied, avoid going out at night, adapt their clothing, and choose a car over public transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your studies have won several thesis prizes. How do you see them contributing to public debate and their dissemination in society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Science-society dialog is essential. My thesis can contribute to public debate in several ways. Firstly, it complements studies on slums by shedding light on forms of gender inequality that have rarely been explored to date 9<\/a><\/sup>. Community groups or local authorities could draw on several insights I provide to reduce gender inequality. In a video<\/a> produced for the Urbanism Construction Architecture Plan (PUCA), I summarize several points public authorities should take note of: ending sanctions for begging in the presence of children (because this penalizes women above all), free public transport and respect for social accommodation wishes in the case of slum evictions. I also produced an audio work and a performance which offers a more sensitive and accessible interpretation of some of my thesis results. I\u2019d like to continue working alongside community groups, in order to encourage discussion on my results on the one hand, and to contribute to the fight against anti-Gypsyism and gender inequality on the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. \u00a0Coutras, Jacqueline. 1993. \u00ab\u00a0La mobilit\u00e9 des femmes au quotidien : Un enjeu des rapports sociaux de sexes ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Sheller, Mimi. 2018. Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Peltier, Emma. 2024. De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab roms \u00bb<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. According to the Alliance Against Anti-Gypsyism, 2019.<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. Tillous, Marion. 2016. Marges, dimension spatiale des rapports de domination et genre<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. hooks, bell. 2017. De la marge au centre. Th\u00e9orie f\u00e9ministe.<\/em> Cambourakis. Sorci\u00e8res.<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Bouillon Florence, Agn\u00e8s Deboulet, Pascale Dietrich-Ragon, & Yankel Fijalkow.<\/a> Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles<\/em>. Biblioth\u00e8que des territoires. La Tour d\u2019Aigues: \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Aube, 2019.<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  8. Gilow, Marie. 2019.\u201cLe Travail Domestique de Mobilit\u00e9. Un concept pour comprendre la mobilit\u00e9 quotidienne des travailleuses avec enfants \u00e0 Bruxelles\u201d.Doctoral thesis<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  9. See also Caseau, Anne-C\u00e9cile. 2020. \u00abLe genre de la \u201cquestion rom\u201d. Migrantes roumaines en France, de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale \u00e0 la constitution de sujets politiques.\u00bbDoctoral thesis<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mobility is not neutral. Shaped by gender norms, the logic of exclusion and public policies ,, it is particularly limiting […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8390,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[692,124],"_related_content_author":[8440],"_related_content_category":[1720,1716],"_related_content_folder":[8422],"_excerpt":"","_duration":6,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"\u00a0Coutras, Jacqueline. 1993. \u00ab\u00a0La mobilit\u00e9 des femmes au quotidien : Un enjeu des rapports sociaux de sexes ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>\",\"id\":\"b6e55f56-5f26-4cae-a23c-1140c5038d26\"},{\"content\":\"Sheller, Mimi. 2018. Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes<\/a>\",\"id\":\"f4dd591c-44b2-4eba-a2cf-5ea9932703c0\"},{\"content\":\"Peltier, Emma. 2024. De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab roms \u00bb<\/a>\",\"id\":\"e4152405-60e0-4b7e-ad99-7ae81e2da5aa\"},{\"content\":\"According to the Alliance Against Anti-Gypsyism, 2019.<\/a>\",\"id\":\"9c27e835-44e5-441c-a5d2-39a323cdf38c\"},{\"content\":\"Tillous, Marion. 2016. Marges, dimension spatiale des rapports de domination et genre<\/a>\",\"id\":\"b86f74f5-314f-4773-8ac4-bfdf5bc351ef\"},{\"content\":\"hooks, bell. 2017. De la marge au centre. Th\u00e9orie f\u00e9ministe.<\/em> Cambourakis. Sorci\u00e8res.<\/a>\",\"id\":\"0cfd762b-1518-429b-a22d-6cad99ff7514\"},{\"content\":\"Bouillon Florence, Agn\u00e8s Deboulet, Pascale Dietrich-Ragon, & Yankel Fijalkow.<\/a> Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s r\u00e9sidentielles<\/em>. Biblioth\u00e8que des territoires. La Tour d\u2019Aigues: \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Aube, 2019.<\/a>\",\"id\":\"13823c06-6f0a-440f-9db2-14c6a5b373b2\"},{\"content\":\"Gilow, Marie. 2019.\u201cLe Travail Domestique de Mobilit\u00e9. Un concept pour comprendre la mobilit\u00e9 quotidienne des travailleuses avec enfants \u00e0 Bruxelles\u201d.Doctoral thesis<\/a>\",\"id\":\"429b8796-4223-45c5-a09c-89866717d2a3\"},{\"content\":\"See also Caseau, Anne-C\u00e9cile. 2020. \u00abLe genre de la \u201cquestion rom\u201d. Migrantes roumaines en France, de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale \u00e0 la constitution de sujets politiques.\u00bbDoctoral thesis<\/a>\",\"id\":\"c00735fc-5262-4463-807f-ae13cc15dca2\"}]"},"article-types":[13,27],"class_list":["post-8353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article","article-types-folder"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":8390,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bidonville_StDenis_DiegoBIS_Flickr.jpg","alt":"Bidonville \u00e0 Saint-Denis","caption":null,"lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-full","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    \"Bidonville
    Slum in Saint-Denis, France. Credit : Flickr \/ Diego Bis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n
    \"Bidonville
    Slum in Saint-Denis, France. Credit : Flickr \/ Diego Bis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n
    \"Bidonville
    Slum in Saint-Denis, France. Credit : Flickr \/ Diego Bis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Mobility is not neutral. Shaped by gender norms, the logic of exclusion and public policies 1<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>2<\/a><\/sup>, it is particularly limiting for women from stigmatized groups, such as Roma women in situations of residential vulnerability. Distanced from the labor market and faced with multiple forms of discrimination, these women\u2019s revenues are based primarily on informal economic activities, often executed in the public space. How do they cope with social, spatial and institutional constraints affecting their mobility on a daily basis, and circumvent the role assigned to them3<\/a><\/sup>?<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Mobility is not neutral. Shaped by gender norms, the logic of exclusion and public policies 1<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>2<\/a><\/sup>, it is particularly limiting for women from stigmatized groups, such as Roma women in situations of residential vulnerability. Distanced from the labor market and faced with multiple forms of discrimination, these women\u2019s revenues are based primarily on informal economic activities, often executed in the public space. How do they cope with social, spatial and institutional constraints affecting their mobility on a daily basis, and circumvent the role assigned to them3<\/a><\/sup>?<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Mobility is not neutral. Shaped by gender norms, the logic of exclusion and public policies 1<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>2<\/a><\/sup>, it is particularly limiting for women from stigmatized groups, such as Roma women in situations of residential vulnerability. Distanced from the labor market and faced with multiple forms of discrimination, these women\u2019s revenues are based primarily on informal economic activities, often executed in the public space. How do they cope with social, spatial and institutional constraints affecting their mobility on a daily basis, and circumvent the role assigned to them3<\/a><\/sup>?<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Interview with Emma Peltier, postdoctoral researcher at the Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. Her thesis, carried out at the Laboratoire Ville Mobilit\u00e9 Transport (LVMT), is entitled De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab\u00a0roms\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. [From Margin to Margin: Mobility at the Center of \u201cRoma\u201d Women\u2019s Daily Lives].<\/em> Emma Peltier was awarded the special thesis prize by the \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in 2024. She was also the winner of the 2023 Paris-Est University thesis prize, and was nominated for the 2024 Thesis on the City Prize (PUCA and APERAU International).<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Interview with Emma Peltier, postdoctoral researcher at the Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. Her thesis, carried out at the Laboratoire Ville Mobilit\u00e9 Transport (LVMT), is entitled De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab\u00a0roms\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. [From Margin to Margin: Mobility at the Center of \u201cRoma\u201d Women\u2019s Daily Lives].<\/em> Emma Peltier was awarded the special thesis prize by the \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in 2024. She was also the winner of the 2023 Paris-Est University thesis prize, and was nominated for the 2024 Thesis on the City Prize (PUCA and APERAU International).<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Interview with Emma Peltier, postdoctoral researcher at the Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. Her thesis, carried out at the Laboratoire Ville Mobilit\u00e9 Transport (LVMT), is entitled De marge en marge, les mobilit\u00e9s au centre du quotidien des femmes \u00ab\u00a0roms\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. [From Margin to Margin: Mobility at the Center of \u201cRoma\u201d Women\u2019s Daily Lives].<\/em> Emma Peltier was awarded the special thesis prize by the \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es in 2024. She was also the winner of the 2023 Paris-Est University thesis prize, and was nominated for the 2024 Thesis on the City Prize (PUCA and APERAU International).<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    To begin, tell us about the women you focused your research on. How did you enter into their reality?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    To begin, tell us about the women you focused your research on. How did you enter into their reality?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    To begin, tell us about the women you focused your research on. How did you enter into their reality?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    I met most of them while taking part in a project organized by architecture students. Once the workshop had finished, I went back to see them. That\u2019s how the ethnography began. Ethnography is a qualitative method which consists in participating in people\u2019s daily lives. It differs from the method which involves carrying out face-to-face sociological interviews. While drawing on this methodological tool shaped by anthropology, I did not carry out a study of Roma culture, but a survey of their socio-spatial practices, i.e., daily movements. I spent two-and-a-half years forging close ties with some twenty women and teenagers, aged 12 to 45 years, living in slums on the outskirts of the Paris area. The vast majority of them come from rural regions of Romania. They are single or in a heterosexual relationship and are mothers of one or more children. They do not all identify as Roma, which is nevertheless how they are categorized by public authorities, charity groups and the media. This is why I used quotation marks when referring to \u201cRoma\u201d in my thesis. The common factor among all these women is that they are confronted with residential vulnerability and several forms of oppression, such as sexism and anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    I met most of them while taking part in a project organized by architecture students. Once the workshop had finished, I went back to see them. That\u2019s how the ethnography began. Ethnography is a qualitative method which consists in participating in people\u2019s daily lives. It differs from the method which involves carrying out face-to-face sociological interviews. While drawing on this methodological tool shaped by anthropology, I did not carry out a study of Roma culture, but a survey of their socio-spatial practices, i.e., daily movements. I spent two-and-a-half years forging close ties with some twenty women and teenagers, aged 12 to 45 years, living in slums on the outskirts of the Paris area. The vast majority of them come from rural regions of Romania. They are single or in a heterosexual relationship and are mothers of one or more children. They do not all identify as Roma, which is nevertheless how they are categorized by public authorities, charity groups and the media. This is why I used quotation marks when referring to \u201cRoma\u201d in my thesis. The common factor among all these women is that they are confronted with residential vulnerability and several forms of oppression, such as sexism and anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    I met most of them while taking part in a project organized by architecture students. Once the workshop had finished, I went back to see them. That\u2019s how the ethnography began. Ethnography is a qualitative method which consists in participating in people\u2019s daily lives. It differs from the method which involves carrying out face-to-face sociological interviews. While drawing on this methodological tool shaped by anthropology, I did not carry out a study of Roma culture, but a survey of their socio-spatial practices, i.e., daily movements. I spent two-and-a-half years forging close ties with some twenty women and teenagers, aged 12 to 45 years, living in slums on the outskirts of the Paris area. The vast majority of them come from rural regions of Romania. They are single or in a heterosexual relationship and are mothers of one or more children. They do not all identify as Roma, which is nevertheless how they are categorized by public authorities, charity groups and the media. This is why I used quotation marks when referring to \u201cRoma\u201d in my thesis. The common factor among all these women is that they are confronted with residential vulnerability and several forms of oppression, such as sexism and anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    How do the notions of anti-Gypsyism and margin help them to understand their paths and living conditions?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    How do the notions of anti-Gypsyism and margin help them to understand their paths and living conditions?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    How do the notions of anti-Gypsyism and margin help them to understand their paths and living conditions?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Anti-Gypsyism is a systemic racism that targets Roma or Gypsy people. It manifests itself in discrimination and violence and thus impacts all aspects of people\u2019s daily lives, such as housing, employment, health or mobility 4<\/a><\/sup>. It is because of anti-Gypsyism that the women I met during the thesis had spent only a few years at school, and that few of them had obtained a diploma or worked in declared employment. It must be understood that slums are a manifestation of poor housing, which is primarily caused by which is anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Anti-Gypsyism is a systemic racism that targets Roma or Gypsy people. It manifests itself in discrimination and violence and thus impacts all aspects of people\u2019s daily lives, such as housing, employment, health or mobility 4<\/a><\/sup>. It is because of anti-Gypsyism that the women I met during the thesis had spent only a few years at school, and that few of them had obtained a diploma or worked in declared employment. It must be understood that slums are a manifestation of poor housing, which is primarily caused by which is anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Anti-Gypsyism is a systemic racism that targets Roma or Gypsy people. It manifests itself in discrimination and violence and thus impacts all aspects of people\u2019s daily lives, such as housing, employment, health or mobility 4<\/a><\/sup>. It is because of anti-Gypsyism that the women I met during the thesis had spent only a few years at school, and that few of them had obtained a diploma or worked in declared employment. It must be understood that slums are a manifestation of poor housing, which is primarily caused by which is anti-Gypsyism.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The margin can be seen as a dual movement, \u201cas both that which is on the periphery and that which results from being sidelined\u201d5<\/a><\/sup>. The title of my thesis is inspired by a key afro-feminist work, From Margin to Center <\/em>6<\/a><\/sup>,<\/em> written by bell hooks in 1984 (and translated in 2017). In this book, the margin is seen as a space where specific norms and codes develop, away from and often in contradiction with the center. In this sense, the margin provides a privileged place of agency.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The margin can be seen as a dual movement, \u201cas both that which is on the periphery and that which results from being sidelined\u201d5<\/a><\/sup>. The title of my thesis is inspired by a key afro-feminist work, From Margin to Center <\/em>6<\/a><\/sup>,<\/em> written by bell hooks in 1984 (and translated in 2017). In this book, the margin is seen as a space where specific norms and codes develop, away from and often in contradiction with the center. In this sense, the margin provides a privileged place of agency.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The margin can be seen as a dual movement, \u201cas both that which is on the periphery and that which results from being sidelined\u201d5<\/a><\/sup>. The title of my thesis is inspired by a key afro-feminist work, From Margin to Center <\/em>6<\/a><\/sup>,<\/em> written by bell hooks in 1984 (and translated in 2017). In this book, the margin is seen as a space where specific norms and codes develop, away from and often in contradiction with the center. In this sense, the margin provides a privileged place of agency.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    What role does the physical household play in the daily lives of these women and how do they organize their spaces?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    What role does the physical household play in the daily lives of these women and how do they organize their spaces?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    What role does the physical household play in the daily lives of these women and how do they organize their spaces?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    The women I met live or had lived in slums. Slums consist in a grouping of shelters, self-built with recovered materials. They are not connected to water, sewage or electricity networks, and are located on illegally occupied land. This is why they are regularly evicted by public authorities. These evictions are sometimes accompanied by temporary accommodation in a welfare hotel. In very rare cases, a rehousing project is set up. It includes a mandatory stay in temporary accommodation, such as a social residence or a site equipped with prefab buildings (\u201cintegration villages\u201d). For all these reasons, women find themselves in a situation of residential vulnerability<\/em>, i.e., the location, occupation status and material aspects of their accommodation are inadequate or at risk 7<\/a><\/sup>. The living conditions in these various accommodation solutions differ. In hotels, visits are prohibited and the rooms are not equipped with kitchens, whereas in slums, women are free to cook and receive relatives as they wish. Residential vulnerability creates an instability which forces women to adapt to ever-changing domestic spaces.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    The women I met live or had lived in slums. Slums consist in a grouping of shelters, self-built with recovered materials. They are not connected to water, sewage or electricity networks, and are located on illegally occupied land. This is why they are regularly evicted by public authorities. These evictions are sometimes accompanied by temporary accommodation in a welfare hotel. In very rare cases, a rehousing project is set up. It includes a mandatory stay in temporary accommodation, such as a social residence or a site equipped with prefab buildings (\u201cintegration villages\u201d). For all these reasons, women find themselves in a situation of residential vulnerability<\/em>, i.e., the location, occupation status and material aspects of their accommodation are inadequate or at risk 7<\/a><\/sup>. The living conditions in these various accommodation solutions differ. In hotels, visits are prohibited and the rooms are not equipped with kitchens, whereas in slums, women are free to cook and receive relatives as they wish. Residential vulnerability creates an instability which forces women to adapt to ever-changing domestic spaces.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    The women I met live or had lived in slums. Slums consist in a grouping of shelters, self-built with recovered materials. They are not connected to water, sewage or electricity networks, and are located on illegally occupied land. This is why they are regularly evicted by public authorities. These evictions are sometimes accompanied by temporary accommodation in a welfare hotel. In very rare cases, a rehousing project is set up. It includes a mandatory stay in temporary accommodation, such as a social residence or a site equipped with prefab buildings (\u201cintegration villages\u201d). For all these reasons, women find themselves in a situation of residential vulnerability<\/em>, i.e., the location, occupation status and material aspects of their accommodation are inadequate or at risk 7<\/a><\/sup>. The living conditions in these various accommodation solutions differ. In hotels, visits are prohibited and the rooms are not equipped with kitchens, whereas in slums, women are free to cook and receive relatives as they wish. Residential vulnerability creates an instability which forces women to adapt to ever-changing domestic spaces.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    In what ways does living in a slum lead to a particular type of mobility? What challenges do the inhabitants face?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    In what ways does living in a slum lead to a particular type of mobility? What challenges do the inhabitants face?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    In what ways does living in a slum lead to a particular type of mobility? What challenges do the inhabitants face?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Slums are often located far from public transport and urban amenities (shops, public services, or cultural and sports facilities, etc.). This thus implies long journeys on foot for the residents of the slum, and sometimes in areas little suited to walking (no sidewalk, fast traffic, a lack of pedestrian crossings, and so on). Furthermore, the particular nature of slums (little or no access to electricity and water) creates mobility needs unknown to the inhabitants of standard housing, such as searching for firewood, finding water, fuel for power generators, or daily grocery shopping due to the absence of a refrigerator. Added to these material constraints is the risk of racist attacks. Anti-Gypsyism has a spatial dimension which is embodied by intimidation and attacks. These forms of violence can also occur in the living space. Slums are not only a symbol of marginal and precarious habitat; they are also commonly associated with a stigmatized and racialized group.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Slums are often located far from public transport and urban amenities (shops, public services, or cultural and sports facilities, etc.). This thus implies long journeys on foot for the residents of the slum, and sometimes in areas little suited to walking (no sidewalk, fast traffic, a lack of pedestrian crossings, and so on). Furthermore, the particular nature of slums (little or no access to electricity and water) creates mobility needs unknown to the inhabitants of standard housing, such as searching for firewood, finding water, fuel for power generators, or daily grocery shopping due to the absence of a refrigerator. Added to these material constraints is the risk of racist attacks. Anti-Gypsyism has a spatial dimension which is embodied by intimidation and attacks. These forms of violence can also occur in the living space. Slums are not only a symbol of marginal and precarious habitat; they are also commonly associated with a stigmatized and racialized group.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Slums are often located far from public transport and urban amenities (shops, public services, or cultural and sports facilities, etc.). This thus implies long journeys on foot for the residents of the slum, and sometimes in areas little suited to walking (no sidewalk, fast traffic, a lack of pedestrian crossings, and so on). Furthermore, the particular nature of slums (little or no access to electricity and water) creates mobility needs unknown to the inhabitants of standard housing, such as searching for firewood, finding water, fuel for power generators, or daily grocery shopping due to the absence of a refrigerator. Added to these material constraints is the risk of racist attacks. Anti-Gypsyism has a spatial dimension which is embodied by intimidation and attacks. These forms of violence can also occur in the living space. Slums are not only a symbol of marginal and precarious habitat; they are also commonly associated with a stigmatized and racialized group.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    How does women\u2019s mobility differ from that of men? What forms of violence do they encounter when moving in the public space, and what strategies do they adopt to avoid them?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    How does women\u2019s mobility differ from that of men? What forms of violence do they encounter when moving in the public space, and what strategies do they adopt to avoid them?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    How does women\u2019s mobility differ from that of men? What forms of violence do they encounter when moving in the public space, and what strategies do they adopt to avoid them?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    In my thesis, daily mobility is seen as a social practice which engages the body in space, and which depends on people\u2019s social position, travel modes, transport facilities and the spatialization of domination. My research explores mobility through the prism of two key systems of oppression: gender and anti-Gypsyism. In a similar manner to anti-Gypsyism, gender is a system which partitions and ranks the social world. Gender differentiates men and women by lending them hierarchical characteristics, roles and values. Women are associated with the domestic sphere. Their mobility is thus different to that of men. In addition to the racist violence that Roma men, or those perceived as such, experience, women are also subjected to gender-based violence and are responsible for mobile domestic work.<\/em> This term refers to \u201call the journeys related to the domestic sphere and care responsibilities\u201d 8<\/a><\/sup>. The strategies used by \u201cRoma\u201d women in slums to protect themselves from violence in the public space are not especially different to those of other women: they go out accompanied, avoid going out at night, adapt their clothing, and choose a car over public transport.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    In my thesis, daily mobility is seen as a social practice which engages the body in space, and which depends on people\u2019s social position, travel modes, transport facilities and the spatialization of domination. My research explores mobility through the prism of two key systems of oppression: gender and anti-Gypsyism. In a similar manner to anti-Gypsyism, gender is a system which partitions and ranks the social world. Gender differentiates men and women by lending them hierarchical characteristics, roles and values. Women are associated with the domestic sphere. Their mobility is thus different to that of men. In addition to the racist violence that Roma men, or those perceived as such, experience, women are also subjected to gender-based violence and are responsible for mobile domestic work.<\/em> This term refers to \u201call the journeys related to the domestic sphere and care responsibilities\u201d 8<\/a><\/sup>. The strategies used by \u201cRoma\u201d women in slums to protect themselves from violence in the public space are not especially different to those of other women: they go out accompanied, avoid going out at night, adapt their clothing, and choose a car over public transport.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    In my thesis, daily mobility is seen as a social practice which engages the body in space, and which depends on people\u2019s social position, travel modes, transport facilities and the spatialization of domination. My research explores mobility through the prism of two key systems of oppression: gender and anti-Gypsyism. In a similar manner to anti-Gypsyism, gender is a system which partitions and ranks the social world. Gender differentiates men and women by lending them hierarchical characteristics, roles and values. Women are associated with the domestic sphere. Their mobility is thus different to that of men. In addition to the racist violence that Roma men, or those perceived as such, experience, women are also subjected to gender-based violence and are responsible for mobile domestic work.<\/em> This term refers to \u201call the journeys related to the domestic sphere and care responsibilities\u201d 8<\/a><\/sup>. The strategies used by \u201cRoma\u201d women in slums to protect themselves from violence in the public space are not especially different to those of other women: they go out accompanied, avoid going out at night, adapt their clothing, and choose a car over public transport.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Your studies have won several thesis prizes. How do you see them contributing to public debate and their dissemination in society?<\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Your studies have won several thesis prizes. How do you see them contributing to public debate and their dissemination in society?<\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Your studies have won several thesis prizes. How do you see them contributing to public debate and their dissemination in society?<\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    Science-society dialog is essential. My thesis can contribute to public debate in several ways. Firstly, it complements studies on slums by shedding light on forms of gender inequality that have rarely been explored to date 9<\/a><\/sup>. Community groups or local authorities could draw on several insights I provide to reduce gender inequality. In a video<\/a> produced for the Urbanism Construction Architecture Plan (PUCA), I summarize several points public authorities should take note of: ending sanctions for begging in the presence of children (because this penalizes women above all), free public transport and respect for social accommodation wishes in the case of slum evictions. I also produced an audio work and a performance which offers a more sensitive and accessible interpretation of some of my thesis results. I\u2019d like to continue working alongside community groups, in order to encourage discussion on my results on the one hand, and to contribute to the fight against anti-Gypsyism and gender inequality on the other.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    Science-society dialog is essential. My thesis can contribute to public debate in several ways. Firstly, it complements studies on slums by shedding light on forms of gender inequality that have rarely been explored to date 9<\/a><\/sup>. Community groups or local authorities could draw on several insights I provide to reduce gender inequality. In a video<\/a> produced for the Urbanism Construction Architecture Plan (PUCA), I summarize several points public authorities should take note of: ending sanctions for begging in the presence of children (because this penalizes women above all), free public transport and respect for social accommodation wishes in the case of slum evictions. I also produced an audio work and a performance which offers a more sensitive and accessible interpretation of some of my thesis results. I\u2019d like to continue working alongside community groups, in order to encourage discussion on my results on the one hand, and to contribute to the fight against anti-Gypsyism and gender inequality on the other.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    Science-society dialog is essential. My thesis can contribute to public debate in several ways. Firstly, it complements studies on slums by shedding light on forms of gender inequality that have rarely been explored to date 9<\/a><\/sup>. Community groups or local authorities could draw on several insights I provide to reduce gender inequality. In a video<\/a> produced for the Urbanism Construction Architecture Plan (PUCA), I summarize several points public authorities should take note of: ending sanctions for begging in the presence of children (because this penalizes women above all), free public transport and respect for social accommodation wishes in the case of slum evictions. I also produced an audio work and a performance which offers a more sensitive and accessible interpretation of some of my thesis results. I\u2019d like to continue working alongside community groups, in order to encourage discussion on my results on the one hand, and to contribute to the fight against anti-Gypsyism and gender inequality on the other.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    <\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    <\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":null,"dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n

    <\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n

    <\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n

    <\/p>\n"}],"seo":{"title":"Daily mobility through the prism of gender and anti-Gypsyism"},"media":{"img":"\"Bidonville","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bidonville_StDenis_DiegoBIS_Flickr.jpg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/daily-mobility-through-the-prism-of-gender-and-anti-gypsyism\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Emma Peltier","url":"\/en\/authors\/emma-peltier\/","id":"8440","media":"\"Emma","slug":"emma-peltier"}],"subject":[{"title":"Mobility, Transport & Infrastructure","url":"\/en\/subjects\/mobility-transport-infrastructure\/","id":"692","media":"\"\"","slug":"mobility-transport-infrastructure"},{"title":"Economics & Society","url":"\/en\/subjects\/economics-society\/","id":"124","media":"\"\"","slug":"economics-society"}],"category":[{"title":"Article collection","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/dossier\/","id":"1720","media":"","slug":"dossier","_related_post_type":"folder"},{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""}],"folder":[{"title":"Exploring gender issues","url":"\/en\/folders\/exploring-gender-issues\/","id":"8422","media":"\"Cr\u00e9dit","slug":"exploring-gender-issues"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/les-mobilites-quotidiennes-a-laune-du-genre-et-de-lantitsiganisme\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"6","custom_excerpt":"","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8353"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9002,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8353\/revisions\/9002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=8353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}