{"id":8360,"date":"2025-06-19T13:18:57","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:18:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/?p=8360"},"modified":"2025-06-19T15:57:04","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T13:57:04","slug":"can-digital-technology-facilitate-mobility-and-gender-equality-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/articles\/can-digital-technology-facilitate-mobility-and-gender-equality-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"Can digital technology facilitate mobility and gender equality in Africa?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1920x1427.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-260x192.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minibus at  UNIKIN station (Universit\u00e9 of Kinshasa, DRC). Provided by the author (Marie Hassen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/economie\/article\/2016\/05\/27\/uber-a-la-conquete-des-routes-africaines_4927653_3234.html\"><em>Africa is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a major issue for conurbations and we provide a genuine alternative to private vehicles.\u201d<\/em><\/a><sup data-fn=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" id=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alon Lits, Managing Director of Uber in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From a European perspective, the African continent is often seen as lagging behind in digital technology and mobility. This representation, an integral element of an attitude described as Afro-pessimism and developmentalism, is all the more prevalent with regard to gender inequality and access to transport infrastructures. However, this is far from reality, given the major demographic, social and urban transformations taking place. The population of Africa has more than doubled since 1980, rising from 476 million to 1.3 billion inhabitants in 2019. Between 2010 and 2023, the mobile penetration rate rose from 27% to 44%, demonstrating a sustainable and ongoing dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The GDP of Africa\u2019s digital economy was estimated at $180 billion in 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the 2010s, digital platforms such as Uber have led to profound changes in the field of mobility for African societies. These digital platforms, originating from Western countries<sup data-fn=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" id=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>, perceive the African continent as a place for innovation in mobility services linked to digital technology. Their aim is to offer the African population services to strengthen their access to mobility via digital technology, and more specifically for African women. Digital technology is seen a solution for mobility, for women, and the environment. In short, it is THE solution to everything. Yet is this truly the case when mobility is examined through the prism of gender?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-715ab6d1c2dc96873cd3682b8da0c64f\">ICT to the rescue&#8230;but for what end and by whom? State of play of digital shared mobility platforms in Africa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Digital shared mobility platforms have risen steadily in African cities. Between 2019 and 2021, their number grew from 47 (81 African sites covered) to 114 (1,101 African sites covered). A recent phenomenon, in 2021 just 15 platforms offered services dedicated to women in the African continent, in 32 major African cities: 12 for taxi \/ vehicle-for-hire and 3 for carpooling services<sup data-fn=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" id=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd-link\">3<\/a><\/sup>. All these platforms provide mobility services exclusively for women, to ensure reliable and safe transport adapted to their specific needs (e.g., emergency button, child seat, pooled journeys for women, or subscriptions to reduce transport costs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women are statistically more exposed to insecurity in the public space and particularly sexual harassment, which thus limits their movements. The place of the body in transport modes here is an essential concern for digital platforms. Firstly, women control their journeys, as they know their departure point and destination. Secondly, women control the vehicle, as it is secured and driven by another woman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, these platforms are above all a niche market in the digital economy, run for the most part by men from Western countries. Just 3 of these platforms were founded and managed by a woman. A large proportion of their financing is linked to multinational funds or major Western companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ff2dca0b5bec94d67e9cbb6183294da2\">ICT to the rescue&#8230;but for whom? The case of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in Cairo (Egypt)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Cairo, Africa\u2019s second largest city with over 21 million inhabitants, the platform <em>Pink Taxi Egypt <\/em>has been offering a transport service by women for women since 2016. Its aim is to provide formal employment as drivers to unemployed women, while ensuring a safe environment for women\u2019s daily commutes, in a metropolis where 83% of women claimed to be victims of sexual harassment in the public space in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Created by the Egyptian female entrepreneur Reem Fawzy, the platform does not claim to resolve by itself the decades of sexual and gender-based violence the women of Cairo have been subjected to. It simply represents a more practical alternative to standard public transport, often perceived as unsafe. This is in keeping with the continuity of institutional measures set up by public authorities, such as the women-only subway carriages initiated in 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The impact of the digital platform remains limited, however, from both a geographical and financial perspective. Firstly, <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> positions itself on the market as an upmarket taxi service for women from Cairo\u2019s middle and upper classes. In 2021, the average fare for a 5-kilometer trip represented 92% of the average daily wage of an Egyptian woman in informal employment, compared to just 3% to 7% for metropolitan transport (bus, subway, or minibus).3 &nbsp;Secondly, the services offered by the digital platform were geographically limited to the tourist and commercial districts of the downtown area, the university and peripheral high-income residential areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"Empreinte g\u00e9ographique de la plateforme Pink Taxi Egypt dans la m\u00e9tropole du Caire\" class=\"wp-image-8338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png 945w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-768x440.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Geographical cover of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in the Cairo metropolis.<\/strong> Author provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3abf4b1b722c97f3dbe8063202297e77\">ICT to the rescue&#8230;but at what cost? The case of digital technology among the student population of Kinshasa (DRC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In Kinshasa, the third largest city on the African continent with more than 17 million inhabitants, designing mobility through an approach focused exclusively on women is insufficient. Both women and men here are indiscriminately impacted by insecurity, with acts ranging from theft on a daily basis to physical assaults and kidnapping<sup data-fn=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" id=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f-link\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In an urban space characterized by a high level of insecurity, digital tools such as platforms are not yet seen as a solution. The mobile phone can provide reassurance, help find one\u2019s way around, alert friends and family or provide directions in the event of danger, and even serve as a bargaining chip. It nevertheless remains a coveted object which attracts thieves and exposes its owner to a higher risk of assault.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt\u2019s reassuring because it can be used as an object to hand over in the event of an attack. My telephone could save my life.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Justin, 24 polytechnic student)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cThe telephone is a double-edged sword; it enables me to raise the alert in case of danger, but it can also attract Kulunas [armed groups], which is a huge threat. It can be of great help in certain circumstances and expose you to risks in others\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>(Louis, 25, veterinary medicine student)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt lessens my security because it can be stolen at any time, it&#8217;s coveted by thieves. If they come near me, I feel safer when I don\u2019t have a phone because they have nothing to steal.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><em>(<\/em>Jeannette, 23, agronomy student)<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Kinshasa, vigilance strategies are thus shared on a daily basis, far beyond the frontiers of gender. In addition, in 2023, digital platforms were rare or seldom used, in particular among the student population. Their use is deemed too costly, and their coverage area too limited, notably in the outskirts of the city where the majority of the population resides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>Yes, I tried [a digital platform] once, it was cool. I\u2019d love this type of service to grow. On the other hand, it\u2019s a bit expensive.\u201d <\/strong><\/em>(Bernadette, 25, pharmacy student)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Can we thus consider digital technology to be THE universal solution given local contexts? Not yet, or least not for everyone in African cities.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\">Translate from French  <a href=\"#5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03826990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Quillerier et Virginie Boutueil. 2021. Essor et strat\u00e9gies des plateformes num\u00e9riques de mobilit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e dans les m\u00e9tropoles africaines. Conf\u00e9rence CODATU XVIII, Dakar, novembre 2021.<\/a> <a href=\"#681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03687797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Quillerier, Virginie Boutueil et Marie Hassen. 2022. Shared Mobility Digital Platforms for Women\u2019s Mobility: A Focus on the African Continent, Transport Research Board (TRB), 101th Annual Meeting, Washington D.C (USA), Janvier 2022<\/a>. <a href=\"#18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shs.hal.science\/halshs-04922892v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pauline Baudens, Marie Hassen, J\u00e9r\u00e9my Pasini et Ayit\u00e9 Mawussi. 2025. Mobility capacities and smartphone use of students in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.\u00a0<em>Mobilities<\/em>, 20(3), 536\u2013554.<\/a> <a href=\"#20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 4\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cAfrica is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":8472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_related_content_post":[],"_related_content_subject":[692,124],"_related_content_author":[8456,8457],"_related_content_category":[1716,1720],"_related_content_folder":[8422],"_excerpt":"Digital technology is transforming mobility systems in Africa, and more particularly for African women. While some digital platforms aim for safer and more inclusive mobility, access to these sites remains nevertheless limited, due to their economic cost and service geography. Can digital technology come to the rescue? A promise faced with complex local realities.<br><br>","_duration":5,"_manual_duration":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Translate from French \",\"id\":\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03826990\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">Thomas Quillerier et Virginie Boutueil. 2021. Essor et strat\u00e9gies des plateformes num\u00e9riques de mobilit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e dans les m\u00e9tropoles africaines. Conf\u00e9rence CODATU XVIII, Dakar, novembre 2021.<\/a>\",\"id\":\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03687797\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">Thomas Quillerier, Virginie Boutueil et Marie Hassen. 2022. Shared Mobility Digital Platforms for Women\u2019s Mobility: A Focus on the African Continent, Transport Research Board (TRB), 101th Annual Meeting, Washington D.C (USA), Janvier 2022<\/a>.\",\"id\":\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/shs.hal.science\/halshs-04922892v1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">Pauline Baudens, Marie Hassen, J\u00e9r\u00e9my Pasini et Ayit\u00e9 Mawussi. 2025. Mobility capacities and smartphone use of students in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.\u00a0<em>Mobilities<\/em>, 20(3), 536\u2013554.<\/a>\",\"id\":\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\"}]"},"article-types":[13,27],"class_list":["post-8360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","article-types-article","article-types-folder"],"has_blocks":true,"block_data":[{"blockName":"enpc\/excerpt","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":8472,"sizeSlug":"large","linkDestination":"none","align":"wide","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg","alt":"","caption":"Minibus at UNIKIN station (Universit\u00e9 of Kinshasa, DRC). Provided by the author (Marie Hassen)","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"wp-block-image alignwide size-large","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8472\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minibus at  UNIKIN station (Universit\u00e9 of Kinshasa, DRC). Provided by the author (Marie Hassen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8472\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minibus at  UNIKIN station (Universit\u00e9 of Kinshasa, DRC). Provided by the author (Marie Hassen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8472\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Minibus at  UNIKIN station (Universit\u00e9 of Kinshasa, DRC). Provided by the author (Marie Hassen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"\u201cAfrica is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a major issue for conurbations and we provide a genuine alternative to private vehicles.\u201d1","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/economie\/article\/2016\/05\/27\/uber-a-la-conquete-des-routes-africaines_4927653_3234.html\"><em>Africa is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a major issue for conurbations and we provide a genuine alternative to private vehicles.\u201d<\/em><\/a><sup data-fn=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" id=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/economie\/article\/2016\/05\/27\/uber-a-la-conquete-des-routes-africaines_4927653_3234.html\"><em>Africa is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a major issue for conurbations and we provide a genuine alternative to private vehicles.\u201d<\/em><\/a><sup data-fn=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" id=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/economie\/article\/2016\/05\/27\/uber-a-la-conquete-des-routes-africaines_4927653_3234.html\"><em>Africa is the last continent whose potential has yet to be explored. The lack of public transport there is a major issue for conurbations and we provide a genuine alternative to private vehicles.\u201d<\/em><\/a><sup data-fn=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1\" id=\"5e02146d-b9ab-484e-a075-4ce26caf3de1-link\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Alon Lits, Managing Director of Uber in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Alon Lits, Managing Director of Uber in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Alon Lits, Managing Director of Uber in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Alon Lits, Managing Director of Uber in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"From a European perspective, the African continent is often seen as lagging behind in digital technology and mobility. This representation, an integral element of an attitude described as Afro-pessimism and developmentalism, is all the more prevalent with regard to gender inequality and access to transport infrastructures. However, this is far from reality, given the major demographic, social and urban transformations taking place. The population of Africa has more than doubled since 1980, rising from 476 million to 1.3 billion inhabitants in 2019. Between 2010 and 2023, the mobile penetration rate rose from 27% to 44%, demonstrating a sustainable and ongoing dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The GDP of Africa\u2019s digital economy was estimated at $180 billion in 2020.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>From a European perspective, the African continent is often seen as lagging behind in digital technology and mobility. This representation, an integral element of an attitude described as Afro-pessimism and developmentalism, is all the more prevalent with regard to gender inequality and access to transport infrastructures. However, this is far from reality, given the major demographic, social and urban transformations taking place. The population of Africa has more than doubled since 1980, rising from 476 million to 1.3 billion inhabitants in 2019. Between 2010 and 2023, the mobile penetration rate rose from 27% to 44%, demonstrating a sustainable and ongoing dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The GDP of Africa\u2019s digital economy was estimated at $180 billion in 2020.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>From a European perspective, the African continent is often seen as lagging behind in digital technology and mobility. This representation, an integral element of an attitude described as Afro-pessimism and developmentalism, is all the more prevalent with regard to gender inequality and access to transport infrastructures. However, this is far from reality, given the major demographic, social and urban transformations taking place. The population of Africa has more than doubled since 1980, rising from 476 million to 1.3 billion inhabitants in 2019. Between 2010 and 2023, the mobile penetration rate rose from 27% to 44%, demonstrating a sustainable and ongoing dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The GDP of Africa\u2019s digital economy was estimated at $180 billion in 2020.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>From a European perspective, the African continent is often seen as lagging behind in digital technology and mobility. This representation, an integral element of an attitude described as Afro-pessimism and developmentalism, is all the more prevalent with regard to gender inequality and access to transport infrastructures. However, this is far from reality, given the major demographic, social and urban transformations taking place. The population of Africa has more than doubled since 1980, rising from 476 million to 1.3 billion inhabitants in 2019. Between 2010 and 2023, the mobile penetration rate rose from 27% to 44%, demonstrating a sustainable and ongoing dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The GDP of Africa\u2019s digital economy was estimated at $180 billion in 2020.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Since the 2010s, digital platforms such as Uber have led to profound changes in the field of mobility for African societies. These digital platforms, originating from Western countries2, perceive the African continent as a place for innovation in mobility services linked to digital technology. Their aim is to offer the African population services to strengthen their access to mobility via digital technology, and more specifically for African women. Digital technology is seen a solution for mobility, for women, and the environment. In short, it is THE solution to everything. Yet is this truly the case when mobility is examined through the prism of gender?","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Since the 2010s, digital platforms such as Uber have led to profound changes in the field of mobility for African societies. These digital platforms, originating from Western countries<sup data-fn=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" id=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>, perceive the African continent as a place for innovation in mobility services linked to digital technology. Their aim is to offer the African population services to strengthen their access to mobility via digital technology, and more specifically for African women. Digital technology is seen a solution for mobility, for women, and the environment. In short, it is THE solution to everything. Yet is this truly the case when mobility is examined through the prism of gender?<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Since the 2010s, digital platforms such as Uber have led to profound changes in the field of mobility for African societies. These digital platforms, originating from Western countries<sup data-fn=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" id=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>, perceive the African continent as a place for innovation in mobility services linked to digital technology. Their aim is to offer the African population services to strengthen their access to mobility via digital technology, and more specifically for African women. Digital technology is seen a solution for mobility, for women, and the environment. In short, it is THE solution to everything. Yet is this truly the case when mobility is examined through the prism of gender?<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Since the 2010s, digital platforms such as Uber have led to profound changes in the field of mobility for African societies. These digital platforms, originating from Western countries<sup data-fn=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7\" id=\"681ef0be-0cd3-4ef4-95e0-cb293ecb90a7-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>, perceive the African continent as a place for innovation in mobility services linked to digital technology. Their aim is to offer the African population services to strengthen their access to mobility via digital technology, and more specifically for African women. Digital technology is seen a solution for mobility, for women, and the environment. In short, it is THE solution to everything. Yet is this truly the case when mobility is examined through the prism of gender?<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"ICT to the rescue...but for what end and by whom? State of play of digital shared mobility platforms in Africa","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for what end and by whom? State of play of digital shared mobility platforms in Africa<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for what end and by whom? State of play of digital shared mobility platforms in Africa<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for what end and by whom? State of play of digital shared mobility platforms in Africa<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Digital shared mobility platforms have risen steadily in African cities. Between 2019 and 2021, their number grew from 47 (81 African sites covered) to 114 (1,101 African sites covered). A recent phenomenon, in 2021 just 15 platforms offered services dedicated to women in the African continent, in 32 major African cities: 12 for taxi \/ vehicle-for-hire and 3 for carpooling services3. All these platforms provide mobility services exclusively for women, to ensure reliable and safe transport adapted to their specific needs (e.g., emergency button, child seat, pooled journeys for women, or subscriptions to reduce transport costs).","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Digital shared mobility platforms have risen steadily in African cities. Between 2019 and 2021, their number grew from 47 (81 African sites covered) to 114 (1,101 African sites covered). A recent phenomenon, in 2021 just 15 platforms offered services dedicated to women in the African continent, in 32 major African cities: 12 for taxi \/ vehicle-for-hire and 3 for carpooling services<sup data-fn=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" id=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd-link\">3<\/a><\/sup>. All these platforms provide mobility services exclusively for women, to ensure reliable and safe transport adapted to their specific needs (e.g., emergency button, child seat, pooled journeys for women, or subscriptions to reduce transport costs).<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Digital shared mobility platforms have risen steadily in African cities. Between 2019 and 2021, their number grew from 47 (81 African sites covered) to 114 (1,101 African sites covered). A recent phenomenon, in 2021 just 15 platforms offered services dedicated to women in the African continent, in 32 major African cities: 12 for taxi \/ vehicle-for-hire and 3 for carpooling services<sup data-fn=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" id=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd-link\">3<\/a><\/sup>. All these platforms provide mobility services exclusively for women, to ensure reliable and safe transport adapted to their specific needs (e.g., emergency button, child seat, pooled journeys for women, or subscriptions to reduce transport costs).<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Digital shared mobility platforms have risen steadily in African cities. Between 2019 and 2021, their number grew from 47 (81 African sites covered) to 114 (1,101 African sites covered). A recent phenomenon, in 2021 just 15 platforms offered services dedicated to women in the African continent, in 32 major African cities: 12 for taxi \/ vehicle-for-hire and 3 for carpooling services<sup data-fn=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd\" id=\"18364e66-1514-4223-9d71-735274ba16fd-link\">3<\/a><\/sup>. All these platforms provide mobility services exclusively for women, to ensure reliable and safe transport adapted to their specific needs (e.g., emergency button, child seat, pooled journeys for women, or subscriptions to reduce transport costs).<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Women are statistically more exposed to insecurity in the public space and particularly sexual harassment, which thus limits their movements. The place of the body in transport modes here is an essential concern for digital platforms. Firstly, women control their journeys, as they know their departure point and destination. Secondly, women control the vehicle, as it is secured and driven by another woman.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Women are statistically more exposed to insecurity in the public space and particularly sexual harassment, which thus limits their movements. The place of the body in transport modes here is an essential concern for digital platforms. Firstly, women control their journeys, as they know their departure point and destination. Secondly, women control the vehicle, as it is secured and driven by another woman.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Women are statistically more exposed to insecurity in the public space and particularly sexual harassment, which thus limits their movements. The place of the body in transport modes here is an essential concern for digital platforms. Firstly, women control their journeys, as they know their departure point and destination. Secondly, women control the vehicle, as it is secured and driven by another woman.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Women are statistically more exposed to insecurity in the public space and particularly sexual harassment, which thus limits their movements. The place of the body in transport modes here is an essential concern for digital platforms. Firstly, women control their journeys, as they know their departure point and destination. Secondly, women control the vehicle, as it is secured and driven by another woman.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Nevertheless, these platforms are above all a niche market in the digital economy, run for the most part by men from Western countries. Just 3 of these platforms were founded and managed by a woman. A large proportion of their financing is linked to multinational funds or major Western companies.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Nevertheless, these platforms are above all a niche market in the digital economy, run for the most part by men from Western countries. Just 3 of these platforms were founded and managed by a woman. A large proportion of their financing is linked to multinational funds or major Western companies.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Nevertheless, these platforms are above all a niche market in the digital economy, run for the most part by men from Western countries. Just 3 of these platforms were founded and managed by a woman. A large proportion of their financing is linked to multinational funds or major Western companies.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Nevertheless, these platforms are above all a niche market in the digital economy, run for the most part by men from Western countries. Just 3 of these platforms were founded and managed by a woman. A large proportion of their financing is linked to multinational funds or major Western companies.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"ICT to the rescue...but for whom? The case of the Pink Taxi Egypt platform in Cairo (Egypt)","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for whom? The case of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in Cairo (Egypt)<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for whom? The case of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in Cairo (Egypt)<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but for whom? The case of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in Cairo (Egypt)<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In Cairo, Africa\u2019s second largest city with over 21 million inhabitants, the platform Pink Taxi Egypt has been offering a transport service by women for women since 2016. Its aim is to provide formal employment as drivers to unemployed women, while ensuring a safe environment for women\u2019s daily commutes, in a metropolis where 83% of women claimed to be victims of sexual harassment in the public space in 2019.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In Cairo, Africa\u2019s second largest city with over 21 million inhabitants, the platform <em>Pink Taxi Egypt <\/em>has been offering a transport service by women for women since 2016. Its aim is to provide formal employment as drivers to unemployed women, while ensuring a safe environment for women\u2019s daily commutes, in a metropolis where 83% of women claimed to be victims of sexual harassment in the public space in 2019.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In Cairo, Africa\u2019s second largest city with over 21 million inhabitants, the platform <em>Pink Taxi Egypt <\/em>has been offering a transport service by women for women since 2016. Its aim is to provide formal employment as drivers to unemployed women, while ensuring a safe environment for women\u2019s daily commutes, in a metropolis where 83% of women claimed to be victims of sexual harassment in the public space in 2019.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In Cairo, Africa\u2019s second largest city with over 21 million inhabitants, the platform <em>Pink Taxi Egypt <\/em>has been offering a transport service by women for women since 2016. Its aim is to provide formal employment as drivers to unemployed women, while ensuring a safe environment for women\u2019s daily commutes, in a metropolis where 83% of women claimed to be victims of sexual harassment in the public space in 2019.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Created by the Egyptian female entrepreneur Reem Fawzy, the platform does not claim to resolve by itself the decades of sexual and gender-based violence the women of Cairo have been subjected to. It simply represents a more practical alternative to standard public transport, often perceived as unsafe. This is in keeping with the continuity of institutional measures set up by public authorities, such as the women-only subway carriages initiated in 1989.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Created by the Egyptian female entrepreneur Reem Fawzy, the platform does not claim to resolve by itself the decades of sexual and gender-based violence the women of Cairo have been subjected to. It simply represents a more practical alternative to standard public transport, often perceived as unsafe. This is in keeping with the continuity of institutional measures set up by public authorities, such as the women-only subway carriages initiated in 1989.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Created by the Egyptian female entrepreneur Reem Fawzy, the platform does not claim to resolve by itself the decades of sexual and gender-based violence the women of Cairo have been subjected to. It simply represents a more practical alternative to standard public transport, often perceived as unsafe. This is in keeping with the continuity of institutional measures set up by public authorities, such as the women-only subway carriages initiated in 1989.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Created by the Egyptian female entrepreneur Reem Fawzy, the platform does not claim to resolve by itself the decades of sexual and gender-based violence the women of Cairo have been subjected to. It simply represents a more practical alternative to standard public transport, often perceived as unsafe. This is in keeping with the continuity of institutional measures set up by public authorities, such as the women-only subway carriages initiated in 1989.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"The impact of the digital platform remains limited, however, from both a geographical and financial perspective. Firstly, Pink Taxi Egypt positions itself on the market as an upmarket taxi service for women from Cairo\u2019s middle and upper classes. In 2021, the average fare for a 5-kilometer trip represented 92% of the average daily wage of an Egyptian woman in informal employment, compared to just 3% to 7% for metropolitan transport (bus, subway, or minibus).3 \u00a0Secondly, the services offered by the digital platform were geographically limited to the tourist and commercial districts of the downtown area, the university and peripheral high-income residential areas.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>The impact of the digital platform remains limited, however, from both a geographical and financial perspective. Firstly, <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> positions itself on the market as an upmarket taxi service for women from Cairo\u2019s middle and upper classes. In 2021, the average fare for a 5-kilometer trip represented 92% of the average daily wage of an Egyptian woman in informal employment, compared to just 3% to 7% for metropolitan transport (bus, subway, or minibus).3 &nbsp;Secondly, the services offered by the digital platform were geographically limited to the tourist and commercial districts of the downtown area, the university and peripheral high-income residential areas.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>The impact of the digital platform remains limited, however, from both a geographical and financial perspective. Firstly, <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> positions itself on the market as an upmarket taxi service for women from Cairo\u2019s middle and upper classes. In 2021, the average fare for a 5-kilometer trip represented 92% of the average daily wage of an Egyptian woman in informal employment, compared to just 3% to 7% for metropolitan transport (bus, subway, or minibus).3 &nbsp;Secondly, the services offered by the digital platform were geographically limited to the tourist and commercial districts of the downtown area, the university and peripheral high-income residential areas.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>The impact of the digital platform remains limited, however, from both a geographical and financial perspective. Firstly, <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> positions itself on the market as an upmarket taxi service for women from Cairo\u2019s middle and upper classes. In 2021, the average fare for a 5-kilometer trip represented 92% of the average daily wage of an Egyptian woman in informal employment, compared to just 3% to 7% for metropolitan transport (bus, subway, or minibus).3 &nbsp;Secondly, the services offered by the digital platform were geographically limited to the tourist and commercial districts of the downtown area, the university and peripheral high-income residential areas.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/image","attrs":{"id":8338,"sizeSlug":"full","linkDestination":"none","blob":"","url":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png","alt":"Empreinte g\u00e9ographique de la plateforme Pink Taxi Egypt dans la m\u00e9tropole du Caire","caption":"Geographical cover of the Pink Taxi Egypt platform in the Cairo metropolis. Author provided.","lightbox":[],"title":"","href":"","rel":"","linkClass":"","width":"","height":"","aspectRatio":"","scale":"","linkTarget":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-image size-full","style":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"Empreinte g\u00e9ographique de la plateforme Pink Taxi Egypt dans la m\u00e9tropole du Caire\" class=\"wp-image-8338\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Geographical cover of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in the Cairo metropolis.<\/strong> Author provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","innerContent":["\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"Empreinte g\u00e9ographique de la plateforme Pink Taxi Egypt dans la m\u00e9tropole du Caire\" class=\"wp-image-8338\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Geographical cover of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in the Cairo metropolis.<\/strong> Author provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"],"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"Empreinte g\u00e9ographique de la plateforme Pink Taxi Egypt dans la m\u00e9tropole du Caire\" class=\"wp-image-8338\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Geographical cover of the <em>Pink Taxi Egypt<\/em> platform in the Cairo metropolis.<\/strong> Author provided.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/heading","attrs":{"style":{"elements":{"link":{"color":{"text":"var:preset|color|red"}}}},"textColor":"red","textAlign":"","content":"ICT to the rescue...but at what cost? The case of digital technology among the student population of Kinshasa (DRC)","level":2,"levelOptions":[],"placeholder":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"align":"","className":"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color","backgroundColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but at what cost? The case of digital technology among the student population of Kinshasa (DRC)<\/h2>\n","innerContent":["\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but at what cost? The case of digital technology among the student population of Kinshasa (DRC)<\/h2>\n"],"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-red-color has-text-color has-link-color\">ICT to the rescue...but at what cost? The case of digital technology among the student population of Kinshasa (DRC)<\/h2>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In Kinshasa, the third largest city on the African continent with more than 17 million inhabitants, designing mobility through an approach focused exclusively on women is insufficient. Both women and men here are indiscriminately impacted by insecurity, with acts ranging from theft on a daily basis to physical assaults and kidnapping4.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In Kinshasa, the third largest city on the African continent with more than 17 million inhabitants, designing mobility through an approach focused exclusively on women is insufficient. Both women and men here are indiscriminately impacted by insecurity, with acts ranging from theft on a daily basis to physical assaults and kidnapping<sup data-fn=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" id=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f-link\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In Kinshasa, the third largest city on the African continent with more than 17 million inhabitants, designing mobility through an approach focused exclusively on women is insufficient. Both women and men here are indiscriminately impacted by insecurity, with acts ranging from theft on a daily basis to physical assaults and kidnapping<sup data-fn=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" id=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f-link\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In Kinshasa, the third largest city on the African continent with more than 17 million inhabitants, designing mobility through an approach focused exclusively on women is insufficient. Both women and men here are indiscriminately impacted by insecurity, with acts ranging from theft on a daily basis to physical assaults and kidnapping<sup data-fn=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f\" id=\"20c667ef-c122-4881-ac70-fcf1013b9c5f-link\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In an urban space characterized by a high level of insecurity, digital tools such as platforms are not yet seen as a solution. The mobile phone can provide reassurance, help find one\u2019s way around, alert friends and family or provide directions in the event of danger, and even serve as a bargaining chip. It nevertheless remains a coveted object which attracts thieves and exposes its owner to a higher risk of assault.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In an urban space characterized by a high level of insecurity, digital tools such as platforms are not yet seen as a solution. The mobile phone can provide reassurance, help find one\u2019s way around, alert friends and family or provide directions in the event of danger, and even serve as a bargaining chip. It nevertheless remains a coveted object which attracts thieves and exposes its owner to a higher risk of assault.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In an urban space characterized by a high level of insecurity, digital tools such as platforms are not yet seen as a solution. The mobile phone can provide reassurance, help find one\u2019s way around, alert friends and family or provide directions in the event of danger, and even serve as a bargaining chip. It nevertheless remains a coveted object which attracts thieves and exposes its owner to a higher risk of assault.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In an urban space characterized by a high level of insecurity, digital tools such as platforms are not yet seen as a solution. The mobile phone can provide reassurance, help find one\u2019s way around, alert friends and family or provide directions in the event of danger, and even serve as a bargaining chip. It nevertheless remains a coveted object which attracts thieves and exposes its owner to a higher risk of assault.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"center","content":"\u201cIt\u2019s reassuring because it can be used as an object to hand over in the event of an attack. My telephone could save my life.\u201d (Justin, 24 polytechnic student)","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-text-align-center","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt\u2019s reassuring because it can be used as an object to hand over in the event of an attack. My telephone could save my life.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Justin, 24 polytechnic student)<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt\u2019s reassuring because it can be used as an object to hand over in the event of an attack. My telephone could save my life.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Justin, 24 polytechnic student)<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt\u2019s reassuring because it can be used as an object to hand over in the event of an attack. My telephone could save my life.\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Justin, 24 polytechnic student)<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"center","content":"\u201cThe telephone is a double-edged sword; it enables me to raise the alert in case of danger, but it can also attract Kulunas [armed groups], which is a huge threat. It can be of great help in certain circumstances and expose you to risks in others\u201d. (Louis, 25, veterinary medicine student)","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-text-align-center","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cThe telephone is a double-edged sword; it enables me to raise the alert in case of danger, but it can also attract Kulunas [armed groups], which is a huge threat. It can be of great help in certain circumstances and expose you to risks in others\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>(Louis, 25, veterinary medicine student)<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cThe telephone is a double-edged sword; it enables me to raise the alert in case of danger, but it can also attract Kulunas [armed groups], which is a huge threat. It can be of great help in certain circumstances and expose you to risks in others\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>(Louis, 25, veterinary medicine student)<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cThe telephone is a double-edged sword; it enables me to raise the alert in case of danger, but it can also attract Kulunas [armed groups], which is a huge threat. It can be of great help in certain circumstances and expose you to risks in others\u201d. <\/em><\/strong>(Louis, 25, veterinary medicine student)<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"center","content":"\u201cIt lessens my security because it can be stolen at any time, it's coveted by thieves. If they come near me, I feel safer when I don\u2019t have a phone because they have nothing to steal.\u201d (Jeannette, 23, agronomy student)","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-text-align-center","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt lessens my security because it can be stolen at any time, it's coveted by thieves. If they come near me, I feel safer when I don\u2019t have a phone because they have nothing to steal.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><em>(<\/em>Jeannette, 23, agronomy student)<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt lessens my security because it can be stolen at any time, it's coveted by thieves. If they come near me, I feel safer when I don\u2019t have a phone because they have nothing to steal.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><em>(<\/em>Jeannette, 23, agronomy student)<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201cIt lessens my security because it can be stolen at any time, it's coveted by thieves. If they come near me, I feel safer when I don\u2019t have a phone because they have nothing to steal.\u201d <\/em><\/strong><em>(<\/em>Jeannette, 23, agronomy student)<strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"In Kinshasa, vigilance strategies are thus shared on a daily basis, far beyond the frontiers of gender. In addition, in 2023, digital platforms were rare or seldom used, in particular among the student population. Their use is deemed too costly, and their coverage area too limited, notably in the outskirts of the city where the majority of the population resides.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>In Kinshasa, vigilance strategies are thus shared on a daily basis, far beyond the frontiers of gender. In addition, in 2023, digital platforms were rare or seldom used, in particular among the student population. Their use is deemed too costly, and their coverage area too limited, notably in the outskirts of the city where the majority of the population resides.<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>In Kinshasa, vigilance strategies are thus shared on a daily basis, far beyond the frontiers of gender. In addition, in 2023, digital platforms were rare or seldom used, in particular among the student population. Their use is deemed too costly, and their coverage area too limited, notably in the outskirts of the city where the majority of the population resides.<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>In Kinshasa, vigilance strategies are thus shared on a daily basis, far beyond the frontiers of gender. In addition, in 2023, digital platforms were rare or seldom used, in particular among the student population. Their use is deemed too costly, and their coverage area too limited, notably in the outskirts of the city where the majority of the population resides.<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"center","content":"\u201cYes, I tried [a digital platform] once, it was cool. I\u2019d love this type of service to grow. On the other hand, it\u2019s a bit expensive.\u201d (Bernadette, 25, pharmacy student)","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"has-text-align-center","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>Yes, I tried [a digital platform] once, it was cool. I\u2019d love this type of service to grow. On the other hand, it\u2019s a bit expensive.\u201d <\/strong><\/em>(Bernadette, 25, pharmacy student)<\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>Yes, I tried [a digital platform] once, it was cool. I\u2019d love this type of service to grow. On the other hand, it\u2019s a bit expensive.\u201d <\/strong><\/em>(Bernadette, 25, pharmacy student)<\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em><strong>Yes, I tried [a digital platform] once, it was cool. I\u2019d love this type of service to grow. On the other hand, it\u2019s a bit expensive.\u201d <\/strong><\/em>(Bernadette, 25, pharmacy student)<\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"Can we thus consider digital technology to be THE universal solution given local contexts? Not yet, or least not for everyone in African cities.","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p>Can we thus consider digital technology to be THE universal solution given local contexts? Not yet, or least not for everyone in African cities.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p>Can we thus consider digital technology to be THE universal solution given local contexts? Not yet, or least not for everyone in African cities.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p>Can we thus consider digital technology to be THE universal solution given local contexts? Not yet, or least not for everyone in African cities.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n"},{"blockName":"core\/footnotes","attrs":{"lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"","innerContent":[],"rendered":""},{"blockName":"core\/paragraph","attrs":{"align":"","content":"","dropCap":false,"placeholder":"","direction":"","lock":[],"metadata":[],"className":"","style":"","backgroundColor":"","textColor":"","gradient":"","fontSize":"","fontFamily":"","borderColor":"","anchor":""},"innerBlocks":[],"innerHTML":"\n<p><\/p>\n","innerContent":["\n<p><\/p>\n"],"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n"}],"seo":{"title":"Can digital technology facilitate mobility and gender equality in Africa?"},"media":{"img":"<img width=\"2089\" height=\"1553\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906.jpg 2089w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1024x761.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-1920x1427.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906-260x192.jpg 260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2089px) 100vw, 2089px\" \/>","src":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Minibus-a-la-station-de-lUNIKIN-Universite-de-Kinshasa-RDC-scaled-e1750341246906.jpg"},"url":"\/en\/articles\/can-digital-technology-facilitate-mobility-and-gender-equality-in-africa\/","related":{"post":[],"author":[{"title":"Thomas Quillerier","url":"\/en\/authors\/thomas-quillerier\/","id":"8456","media":"<img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Thomas-Quillerier-60x60.jpg\" class=\"attachment-author-thumb size-author-thumb wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Thomas-Quillerier-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Thomas-Quillerier-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px\" \/>","slug":"thomas-quillerier"},{"title":"Marie Hassen","url":"\/en\/authors\/marie-hassen\/","id":"8457","media":"<img width=\"60\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Marie-Hassen-60x60.png\" class=\"attachment-author-thumb size-author-thumb wp-post-image\" alt=\"Marie Hassen\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Marie-Hassen-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Marie-Hassen-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 60px) 100vw, 60px\" \/>","slug":"marie-hassen"}],"subject":[{"title":"Mobility, Transport &#038; Infrastructure","url":"\/en\/subjects\/mobility-transport-infrastructure\/","id":"692","media":"<img width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites.jpg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-mobilites-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>","slug":"mobility-transport-infrastructure"},{"title":"Economics &#038; Society","url":"\/en\/subjects\/economics-society\/","id":"124","media":"<img width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-economie.jpg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-economie.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-economie-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-economie-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Ecole-des-ponts-webmagazine-economie-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>","slug":"economics-society"}],"category":[{"title":"Articles","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/articles\/","id":"1716","media":"","slug":"articles","_related_post_type":""},{"title":"Article collection","url":"\/en\/articles\/category\/dossier\/","id":"1720","media":"","slug":"dossier","_related_post_type":"folder"}],"folder":[{"title":"Exploring gender issues","url":"\/en\/folders\/exploring-gender-issues\/","id":"8422","media":"<img width=\"424\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Pole-diversite-et-reussite-de-lEcole-polytechnique-Credit-Ecole-polytechnique-J-Barande.jpg\" class=\"attachment- size- wp-post-image\" alt=\"Cr\u00e9dit Image : modifi\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de  P\u00f4le diversit\u00e9 et r\u00e9ussite de l&#039;\u00c9cole polytechnique \u2013 \u00a9 \u00c9cole polytechnique \/ J. Barande \u2013 Licence CC BY-SA 2.0 via Flickr\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Pole-diversite-et-reussite-de-lEcole-polytechnique-Credit-Ecole-polytechnique-J-Barande.jpg 424w, https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Pole-diversite-et-reussite-de-lEcole-polytechnique-Credit-Ecole-polytechnique-J-Barande-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/>","slug":"exploring-gender-issues"}]},"translated":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/articles\/mobilite-et-genre-en-afrique-le-numerique-a-la-rescousse\/","icon":"icon-article","duration":"5","custom_excerpt":"Digital technology is transforming mobility systems in Africa, and more particularly for African women. While some digital platforms aim for safer and more inclusive mobility, access to these sites remains nevertheless limited, due to their economic cost and service geography. Can digital technology come to the rescue? A promise faced with complex local realities.<br><br>","duration_type":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8360"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8475,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8360\/revisions\/8475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article-types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ingenius.ecoledesponts.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article-types?post=8360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}